And provinces - in the north - in the west and - in the east.

The Tver province was formed in 1796 on the site of the Tver governorate, established on November 25, 1775. The center of the province was the city of Tver.

At the time of its formation, the Tver province included 9 counties: Bezhetsky, Vyshnevolotsky, Zubtsovsky, Kashinsky, Novotorzhsky, Ostashkovsky, Rzhevsky, Staritsky, Tverskoy. In 1803, the districts that had been abolished during the formation of the province were recreated: Vesyegonsky, Kalyazinsky and Korchevsky.

From 1803 to 1918, the Tver province included 12 counties:

№	County	County town	Area, versts	Population (1897), people
1	Bezhetsky	Bezhetsk (9 450 people)	7 371,5	247 952
2	Vesyegonsky	Vesyegonsk (3,457 people)	6 171,1	155 431
3	Vyshnevolotsky	Vyshny Volochek (16 612 people)	8 149,4	179 141
4	Zubtsovsky	Zubtsov (2,992 people)	2 610,2	103 109
5	Kalyazinsky	Kalyazin (5,496 people)	2 703,7	111 807
6	Kashinsky	Kashin (7 544 people)	2 622,5	119 510
7	Korchevskaya	Korcheva (2,384 people)	3 810,9	119 009
8	Novotorzhsky	Torzhok (12 698 people)	4 602,4	146 178
9	Ostashkovsky	Ostashkov (10 445 people)	7 623,6	130 161
10	Rzhevsky	Rzhev (21,265 people)	3 713,9	143 789
11	Staritsky	Staritsa (6 368 people)	3 963,1	146 143
12	Tverskoy	Tver (53 544 people)	3 494,7	166 905

On December 28, 1918, the Kimrsky district was formed, on January 10, 1919 - the Krasnokholmsky district. On May 20, 1922, the Zubtsovsky, Kalyazinsky and Korchevsky districts were abolished, and Vesyegonsky and Krasnokholmsky were transferred to the Rybinsk province (but already in 1923 they were returned back to the Tver province). In 1924 Krasnokholmsky and Staritsky districts were abolished, and in 1927 - Kashinsky.

On January 14, 1929, the Tver province was liquidated; its territory is divided between the Moscow and Western regions.

Additional materials on the Tver province

• Maps of the districts of the Tver province
  The maps of the districts of the Tver province were compiled by the Provincial Statistical Bureau based on research data from 1886-90 and 1915. The exact date of the maps is not known. The maps of the districts of the Tver province are drawn on a scale of 5 versts in inch. The maps show: settlements (indicating the size of the living population), gatehouses, estates, farms, villages and graveyards, factories, factories, mills and other objects. The maps show the borders: provincial, county and volost.

  Maps of the districts of the Tver province:
  Download map of Tverskoy district Symbols

• Lists of populated areas of the Russian Empire, compiled and published by the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. - St. Petersburg: in the printing house of Karl Wulff: 1861-1885.
  Tver province: according to information from 1859 / edited by ed. I. Wilson. - 1862 .-- XL, 454 p., Fol. color kart. Download .
• Map of the Tver province: [general geographic folding map]. -, in eng. inch 20 versts. - [Tver: b. and., 1913]. - 1 to. ; 44 x 62. Download.
• Map of the Tver province: With the drawing of the boundaries of volosts, parishes, camps, conscription areas, zemstvo schools, postal and trade routes, postal and zemstvo stations / Comp. Tver lips. zemstvo council. - St. Petersburg: Cartograph. head A. Ilyin: 1879 .-- 1 K. (2 pages): color; 76x46 (87x68). Scale: 10 versts per inch.

Novotorzhsky district- an administrative-territorial unit of the Tver province within the Russian Empire and the RSFSR. County town - Torzhok.

Geography

The county was located in the central part of the Tver province. The area of ​​the county was 4,602.4 square meters. versts The surface of the county is a flat upland, gradually descending from northwest to southeast. A branch of the Valdai Mountains enters the uyezd from the west, forming a swampy upland, from which the uyezd rivers originate (Osuga, Bol. Kosh, etc.). The main river - Tvertsa, crosses the district for 97 ver .; flow into Tvertsa: Osuga (125 ver.) with Poved (74), Logovyazh (63) and others. Kosha (25th century), the last three flow into the Volga outside the district. Only Tvertsa is navigable, rafting on all the named rivers, excluding Logovyazi. The river banks are densely populated: the city of Torzhok and 39 villages, with 35 thousand inhabitants, are located along Tvertsa; along Osuge - 44 (7 thousand inhabitants), according to Povedi - 20 (3 thousand inhabitants), along Logovyazh - 23 (3 thousand inhabitants). Tsna and Bol. Kosha belong to the county with their headwaters and flow among the forests. Osuga has two mills and several sawmills. There are good floodplains along the banks of Osuga, Povedi, Logovyazi and Darkness.

History

The name of the county comes from the ancient name of the city of Torzhok - New Bargaining... Novotorzhskaya was the name of the city parish as part of the Novgorod land. In the 15th century, it was annexed to the Russian state and appeared in its structure Novotorzhsky district... In 1708 the district was assigned to the Ingermanland province, in 1719 to the Tver province of the St. Petersburg province, in 1727 - to the Novgorod province. In 1775 he became a part of the Tver governorship, which was renamed in 1796 as a province. After that, the borders of the county did not change until March 1924, when part of the territory of the liquidated Staritsky county was transferred to it. In 1929, the county was abolished, its territory became part of the Tver District of the Moscow Region.

Population

• Baranye-Gorskaya center - with. Sheep Mountain.
• Vasilievskaya - v. Vasilyevo.
• Georgian - s. Georgians.
• Dorskaya - the village of Antsifarovo.
• Klimovskaya - with. Klimovo.
• Kuzovinskaya - village Kuzovino.
• Maryinskaya - village Maryino.
• Moshkovskaya - the village of Moshki.
• Mednovskaya - s. Copper.
• Nikolskaya - s. Nikolskoe.
• Novotorzhskaya - Torzhok.
• Povedskaya - s. Lead.
• Prechisto-Kamenskaya - with. Prechisto-Kamenka.
• Prudovskaya - v. Veski.
• Pryamukhinskaya - s. Big Borok.
• Ramenskaya - s. Ramenie.
• Sukromlinskaya - with. Sukromlya.
• Tysyatskaya - s. Tysyatskoe.

In police terms, the county was divided into three camps:

• 1st stan, camp apartment of the village Ostashkovo.
• 2nd mill, camp apartment in Torzhok.
• 3rd camp, camp apartment with. Big Borok.

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Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

An excerpt characterizing the Novotorzhsky district

The spirit of the army is a mass multiplier that gives the product of strength. It is the task of science to determine and express the meaning of the spirit of the army, this unknown factor.
This task is possible only when we stop arbitrarily substituting, instead of the value of the entire unknown X, those conditions under which force manifests itself, such as: orders of the commander, weapons, etc., taking them as the value of the multiplier, and we recognize this unknown in its entire integrity, that is, as a greater or lesser desire to fight and expose oneself to danger. Then only by expressing known historical facts with equations, from a comparison of the relative significance of this unknown, one can hope to determine the unknown itself.
Ten people, battalions or divisions, fighting with fifteen people, battalions or divisions, defeated fifteen, that is, they killed and took prisoner all without a trace and themselves lost four; therefore, four were destroyed on one side, and fifteen on the other. Therefore, four were equal to fifteen, and therefore 4a: = 15y. Therefore, w: r / = 15: 4. This equation does not give the value of the unknown, but it gives the relation between the two unknowns. And from summing up such equations of various historical units (battles, campaigns, periods of wars), series of numbers will be obtained in which laws must exist and can be discovered.
The tactical rule that it is necessary to act in the masses during the offensive and separately during the retreat unconsciously confirms only the truth that the strength of the army depends on its spirit. In order to lead people under the cannonballs, it takes more discipline, achieved only by movement among the masses, than to fight off the attackers. But this rule, in which the spirit of the army is lost sight of, continually turns out to be incorrect and, in particular, strikingly contradicts reality where there is a strong upsurge or decline of the spirit of the army - in all popular wars.
The French, retreating in 1812, although they had to defend themselves separately, in terms of tactics, are huddled together, because the spirit of the army has fallen so that only the masses are holding the army together. The Russians, on the other hand, in tactics should have attacked in mass, but in reality they are fragmented, because the spirit is raised so that individuals beat without the order of the French and do not need coercion in order to expose themselves to labor and dangers.

The so-called partisan war began with the entry of the enemy into Smolensk.
Before the partisan war was officially adopted by our government, already thousands of people of the enemy army - backward marauders, foragers - were exterminated by Cossacks and peasants, who beat these people as unconsciously as dogs unconsciously gnaw a running mad dog. Denis Davydov, with his Russian instinct, was the first to understand the significance of that terrible club, which, without asking the rules of the art of war, destroyed the French, and to him belongs the glory of the first step to legitimize this method of war.
On August 24, the first partisan detachment of Davydov was established, and after his detachment others began to be established. The further the campaign advanced, the more the number of these units increased.
The partisans destroyed the Great Army piece by piece. They picked up those fallen leaves that fell by themselves from a withered tree - the French army, and sometimes shook this tree. In October, while the French fled to Smolensk, there were hundreds of these parties of various sizes and characters. There were parties that adopted all the methods of the army, with infantry, artillery, headquarters, and the comforts of life; there were only Cossack, cavalry; there were small, combined teams, on foot and on horseback, there were peasants and landowners, unknown to anyone. He was the sexton head of the party, who took several hundred prisoners a month. There was the elder Vasilisa, who had beaten hundreds of Frenchmen.
The last days of October were the very height of the partisan war. That first period of this war, during which the partisans, themselves amazed at their audacity, were afraid every minute of being caught and surrounded by the French and, without unsaddling and almost without dismounting from their horses, hid in the forests, expecting every minute of the chase, has already passed. Now this war was already defined, it became clear to everyone what could be done with the French and what could not be done. Now only those chiefs of the detachments who, according to the rules, walked away from the French with headquarters, considered much more impossible. The small partisans, who had long since begun their business and were closely looking out for the French, considered possible what the leaders of large detachments did not dare to think about. The Cossacks and the peasants who climbed between the French believed that now everything was possible.
On October 22, Denisov, who was one of the partisans, was with his party in the midst of partisan passion. In the morning he was on the move with his party. Throughout the day, through the forests adjacent to the main road, he watched the large French transport of cavalry things and Russian prisoners, separated from other troops and under strong cover, as was known from the scouts and prisoners, heading for Smolensk. About this transport was known not only to Denisov and Dolokhov (also a partisan with a small party), who walked close to Denisov, but also to the chiefs of large detachments with headquarters: everyone knew about this transport and, as Denisov said, sharpened their teeth on it. Two of these large detachment commanders - one Pole, the other German - almost at the same time sent an invitation to Denisov to join his own detachment in order to attack the transport.
- No, bg "at, I myself have a mustache," said Denisov, having read these papers, and wrote to the German that, despite the sincere desire that he had to serve under the command of such a valiant and famous general, he should deprive himself of this happiness, because he had already entered the command of a Pole general, but he wrote the same to a Pole general, notifying him that he had already entered the command of a German.
Having arranged in this way, Denisov intended, without informing the higher commanders about this, to attack together with Dolokhov and take this transport with his own small forces. Transport went on October 22 from the village of Mikulinoy to the village of Shamshevoy. On the left side of the road from Mikulin to Shamshev there were large forests, sometimes approaching the road itself, sometimes a mile or more from the road. Along these forests all day, then going deep into the middle of them, then leaving to the edge, I rode with Denisov's party, not letting go of the moving French. In the morning, not far from Mikulin, where the forest approached the road, the Cossacks from Denisov's party seized two French wagons with cavalry saddles that had become in the mud and took them to the forest. From then until the evening, the party, without attacking, followed the movement of the French. It was necessary, without frightening them, to allow them to calmly reach Shamshev and then, joining with Dolokhov, who was supposed to arrive at a meeting at the guardhouse in the forest (a mile from Shamshev) in the evening, fall from both sides like snow on his head and beat and pick everyone up at once.
Behind, two versts from Mikulin, where the forest approached the road itself, six Cossacks were left, who were supposed to report as soon as new columns of the French appeared.
Ahead of Shamshev, in the same way, Dolokhov had to investigate the road in order to know at what distance there were still other French troops. The transport was supposed to be one thousand five hundred people. Denisov had two hundred people, Dolokhov could have had the same number. But the superiority of numbers did not stop Denisov. The only other thing he needed to know was exactly what these troops were; and for this purpose Denisov had to take the language (that is, a person from the enemy column). In the morning attack on the wagons, the matter took place with such haste that the Frenchmen who were with the wagons were killed and captured alive only by the boy of the drummer, who was backward and could not say anything positively about what troops were in the column.

The Novotorzhsky district of the Tver province (Torzhoksky district) is located in the north-west of the Kalininsky district of the region and has an advantageous location in terms of the passage along it of the most important St. Petersburg highway.

The plans of the General Survey (PGM, PGM) of the Novotorzhsky district show in detail all settlements, relief, roads and other objects of interest for any searcher or treasure hunter.

PGM Novotorzhsky district is divided into 4 (four) parts. This is the most important document of the late 17th years, defining land plots, their size and boundaries. All General Surveying Plans are extremely useful for both the experienced and the novice treasure hunter.

Schematic road maps of the Tver province (1912)

Another informative archiver with maps can now be found at the link below. This is a graphic supplement to the publication of the Tver Provincial Zemstvo "Statistical - economic study of dirt roads in the Tver province (1912)".

In total, the archive contains 12 schematic road maps of the Tver Province by districts: Tverskoy, Korchevsky, Kalyazinsky, Kashinsky, Bezhetsky, Vesyegonsky, Vyshnevolotsky, Ostashkovsky, Rzhevsky, Zubtsovsky, Staritsky, Novotorzhsky.

I hope the archiver will be useful for treasure hunters to select potential places to search. And, I think, road maps are especially relevant in the summer, because in the fields of grass, and it makes sense to walk along the roads.

Maps of the Tver province of the early 20th century

An interesting archivist with maps of the Tver province of the early 20th century. The archive suggests six cards starting in 1900 and ending with one of the first maps of the R.S.F.S.R. - 1918.

The maps are different, including the "Archaeological map of the remains of antiquity and antiquity of the Tver province", the publication of the Tver accounting archival commission. It is on this map that especially ancient places and natural boundaries, known at the beginning of the 20th century, are indicated.

In each map, a lover of instrumental search in our area will be able to find any useful information for himself, especially since these maps are not as popular as, for example, the maps of Mende or Strelbitsky. In addition, comparing these maps with popular maps can provide more complete information about the locations and characteristics of objects.