Dmrl with a common combined card. Russian State Hydrometeorological University

Department of Experimental Atmospheric Physics

essay

On the topic : Weather radar stations

Completed by: student of group MP-480

Poteryaiko E. V.

St. Petersburg

2012

SECTION 1. METEOROLOGICAL RADAR MRL-5………………………………3

The purpose of the station and the principle of operation ……………………………………………………………..3

Schematic diagram of MRL-5……………………………………………………………………………5

Main technical data of MRL-5 …………………………………………………………....6

Antenna-waveguide system…………………………………………………………………………7

Transmitting device…………………………………………………………………………………9

Receiving device ………………………..………………………………………………………..9

Indicator device ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 SECTION 2.OBTAINING PRIMARY INFORMATIONRADAR

OBSERVATIONS IN THE NEAR AND FAR ZONES……………………………….12

Section 4. Automated meteorological

RADAR COMPLEX “METEO-CELL……………………………………….. 17

weather radarMRL-5.

1. The purpose of the station and the principle of operation.

The MRL-5 weather radar is a specialized storm warning and hail protection radar designed to solve the following tasks:

detection and location of centers of thunderstorms, hail and rainfall within a radius of 300 km;

 determining the horizontal and vertical extent of meteorological formations, the direction and speed of their movement;

 determination of the upper and lower boundaries of clouds of any shape;

 measurements of the average power of the radio echo of meteorological targets.

selection of the radio echo of meteorological objects against the background of interfering signals reflected from local objects;

 ensuring hail protection, i.e. detection and localization of hail foci in clouds (measurement of their coordinates and determination of their physical characteristics)

MRL-5 two-wave high-potential meteorological radar. It is produced in two modifications: mobile - MRL-5A, stationary - MRL-5B. In the mobile version, MRL-5 was created on the basis of a specialized trailer PAU - 1, divided into two compartments: indicator (warm) and transceiver (cold). The system antenna is installed on the roof of the trailer under the windproof shell.

In the stationary version, the MRL is located on the second floor of a typical building for MRL-5 or on the top floor in two isolated rooms.

The station is based on the pulse method of radar.

The transmitter generates powerful short pulses of microwave electromagnetic energy, which enter the antenna through waveguide paths. The radiation of electromagnetic energy into space is produced by an antenna in the form of a narrow, highly directional beam. If the emitted signal, propagating in space, encounters obstacles on its way in the form of local objects, clouds and other meteorological formations, then it is reflected in different sides from the object, including in the direction of the SCRL. The reflected pulses are received by the same antenna and are fed through the waveguide path to the receiving device. In the receiving device, the reflected signals, after amplification and conversion, enter the indicator screens. MRL-5 has a number of features:

 two separate channels - 3 cm (channel 1) and 10 cm (channel 2); the storm warning mode can be implemented on each of the channels, and the hail protection maintenance mode is implemented mainly when both channels work together;

antenna system with a parabolic reflector and a dual-band feed, forming narrow radiation patterns; the use of such an antenna provides high resolution in angular coordinates and alignment of the radiation patterns of both ranges with high accuracy.

 high sensitivity of receiving devices allows to increase the detection range of meteorological objects, and a wide dynamic range ensures high accuracy of quantitative measurements.

 a universal indication system that provides the possibility of observing and recording radio echo from meteorological objects:

combined indicators of IKO and IDV with a wide range of scanning scales, providing measurements, observations and photographic recording of radio echo in the horizontal and vertical planes;

 two-beam indicator based on ST-55 oscilloscope for observing the radio echo of meteorological objects in the amplitude-range coordinates;

 equipment for converting angular information, providing: the output of the azimuth of meteorological targets in geographical and artillery coordinates with high accuracy (0.10).

 device for automatic selection of hail sources;

 a light panel that provides prompt reading and photographic recording of the date, time, number of the observed channel, the sign of the norm of the energy potential of the radar, the level of isoech after 6 dB, scale, azimuth, antenna tilt angle, horizontal and slant range, the height of the target selected on the indicator;

 A device for monitoring the sensitivity of receiving devices, the power of transmitting devices and the energy potential of the station as a whole;

 Controlled microwave attenuators based on p-n-pdiodes, providing measurement of radio echo powers and their correction per squared distance;

Special photo-recording equipment for documenting radio echo patterns;

 power supply system, which provides for the power supply of equipment either from an industrial three-phase network 50 Hz 380 V, or from an autonomous three-phase network 50 Hz 220 V.

We are glad to announce that since 01.04.2016 the Kirov Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring has implemented and successfully operates a new generation meteorological instrument Doppler weather radar (DMRL-S).

Radars DMRL-S are installed by Roshydromet on the territory of the Russian Federation in order to create a unified system of radar meteorological observations of Roshydromet. In total, it is planned to install about 140 DMRL-S radars by 2020.

To date, remote Doppler meteorological radars with polarization processing of signals for the operational services of Roshydromet and aviation forecasters are a unique means of meteorological observations, because allow real-time monitoring of information about the location and movement of mesoscale cloud formations, the occurrence of zones of intense precipitation, fixing zones of hazardous phenomena, including thunderstorms, hail, squalls, and monitoring their development and movement. Modern DMRL-S have a viewing radius of 250-300 km and allow cyclic observations with a frequency of 3 to 15 minutes in a round-the-clock automated mode, providing data with high spatial resolution (0.5-1 km) over an area of ​​up to 200 thousand km2.

The radar information of the DMRL-S radars well complements the data of meteorological satellites, which use passive methods for sounding the atmosphere, but unlike them, the software specially developed for the DMRL-S radar (VOI GIMET-2010 software) makes it possible to process and interpret radar information. In addition, it allows you to correlate weather events on the DMRL-S map with the synoptic situation.

"HYMET-2010" is building a three-dimensional model of cloud parameters, the mathematical processing of which provides the construction of the following radar maps and meteorological characteristics:

1) maximum reflectivity in the layer above 1 km,

2) HVGO - cloud top heights;

3) meteorological phenomena;

4) dangerous meteorological phenomena;

5) precipitation intensity;

6) accumulated amounts of precipitation;

7) integral water content of clouds, VIL;

8) NNHO - heights of the lower limit of cloudiness;

9) vertical and horizontal wind shear;

10) turbulence;

11) visibility in precipitation;

12) contours of dangerous phenomena;

14) vertical wind profile VW;

15) plotting horizontal wind vectors HW on any r/l map.

Access to digital observation maps of meteorological radars in the display system of the unified radar field of the DMRL-S network of Roshydromet is already available on the Internet on the website meteorad.ru, but the information is presented on it delayed by 24 hours.

For local consumers of information DMRL-S, the transfer of secondary r / l products to remote Subscriber Points (AP) is provided for local network in real time on a contractual basis.

There is experience in using DMRL-S information in other regions.

For organizations interested in obtaining specialized information DMRL-S on-line, the Kirov TsGMS organizes, on a contractual basis, automated data transfer, both in digital form for further processing, and in the form of a screenshot (picture).

The first radar stations that came to meteorologists after the war could only detect hazmat cumulonimbus clouds. It took several decades to modernize them and develop measuring circuits that could extract information not only from the height of the radio echo, but also from the results of the signals reflected from the clouds. The ability to observe the appearance of dangerous phenomena, calculate their speed and direction of movement for a long time allowed the SSR to take a leading position in storm warning.

For 60 years, weather radar has been an indispensable instrument for detecting phenomena that accompany convective clouds - thunderstorms, hail, showers, squalls.

Meteorological incoherent radars determine HH (hazardous phenomena) by indirect signs - measurements of the height of the upper boundary of the radio echo and the reflectivity of cumulonimbus clouds, and make a decision using radar hazard criteria.