Chess for beginners - rules of the game, moves of pieces. How to teach a child to play chess from scratch

Hello dear guest of our chess site. If you are here, then you want to learn the rules of chess. Right? Most likely you are a beginner, you know little about chess and only once heard the catchphrase “Walk like a horse, you won’t see a century of freedom” ...

Introduction

We want to please you. On this site you will find everything you need to know about chess from A to Z. And this article will be your main base that will take you from scratch to a complete study of all chess rules and even those that many chess players do not know, who, so say, cut in the yards on a bench for years. Let's get down to business.

(Subscribe for updates).

First about the main thing. You don't need months of study or even weeks to learn the rules of chess. Enough 2-3 hours.

Below we will give you all the comprehensive information on all the rules and give you all the necessary links to study other articles on our site, and in a few hours, you can safely be proud that you know all the chess rules 100%. We'll even give you a link to download the official FIDE Chess Rules. How ... Well, let's start ...

Basic game theory

Let's start with the most important dear friend. Chess is usually played by 2 people. Sometimes, of course, they play in pairs or teams, but official tournaments, championships and competitions are a struggle between two people. One plays with white pieces, the other with black pieces.

The players take turns. Whoever plays white goes first.

If we are talking about playing in the yard or in the kitchen with a neighbor over a glass of beer or a cup of coffee, then you can play without hours and time. It's just that players take turns until one of them wins or draws.

Well, at competitions, tournaments and championships, of course, players play with a chess clock where each player is given a certain amount of time to think. Time is not given for a move, time is given for the whole game.

The essence of the game of chess is to win another player by checkmating his king, or to create for yourself such a position in the game in which the opponent will simply surrender and shake your hand.

Usually this is a position when you have eaten more pieces from the enemy than he has from you, or he understands that in a few moves he will be mated.

You can also win in time. It seems that a bunch of pieces have been eaten from you and you are about to be checkmate, but the opponent is running out of time, and he is considered a loser, and you are a winner.

Let's take a look at what it is:

Shah- a position on the chessboard when a piece attacked the king (the king is under attack), but he can leave the battlefield, or another piece can cover him with his body. That is, you can get away from the check.

Mat- a position on the chessboard when a piece attacked the king (the king is under attack), but he can NOT escape the attack. Any field wherever he sets foot is broken. And none of his figure can close it with his body.

Pat- a position on the chessboard when a player cannot move at all. In this case, it's a draw.

More details about how checkmate and stalemate look like on the board will follow. You still need to first learn how the pieces move, attack each other, and eat.

Types of variants of the game of chess

Chess games have their own names. There are only three types:

Bullet
Blitz
Classic

In the pool, each player is given 1 minute for the entire game. Can you imagine? 1 minute. Hence the bullet. There is no time to think there, you just have to have time to rearrange the pieces, and think out later on the go.

In blitz, the player is given somewhere between 3-15 minutes. Blitz is also called rapid chess. There is time here to think about how to go. Rook or horse. =))

Classic time goes from 20 minutes to several hours. At official championships, it also happens that a player went and went to a cafe to drink tea, while another player thinks how to go. Time wagon and you can even take a nap in your room.

There is such a type of game when, after its own move, the clock automatically adds 3-5 seconds to your time.

Rules for arranging pieces on the board

So. Each player initially has the same number of pieces, namely:

8 pawns
2 rooks
2 horses
2 elephants
1 queen
1 king

All the pieces on the board are arranged like this:

Pawns stand on the 2nd and 7th lines. They are a kind of fortress, a line of defense. Someone calls them suicide bombers because they are the first to go into battle.

Rule 1: White is placed on lines 1 and 2. Blacks are placed on lines 7 and 8.

Rule 2: The queen loves her color. That is, if the queen is white, then it is placed on a white cell, if black, then on a black one. Accordingly, the white king is placed next to the black square, and the black king stands next to the queen on the white square.

Chess notation

Of course, one could talk about chess notation at the end of this article, or even let it go, but nevertheless we decided to include it in the post, since we will continue to talk about how the pieces move, what squares (cells) they stand on, and how to get you understood us when we write e4-e5, Be5xd6 or 0-0.

Chess notation is actually simple, and in order not to repeat what has already been written, we recommend that you read this one on our website about chess notation. After you read it, come back to this article and keep reading.

Rules for the movement of each piece in chess

Now let's talk with you about how the pieces move. This is probably the most important thing in chess. If you don’t need to know chess notation for the game, then you need to know 100% how the pieces move.

Many people still play chess and do not know the elementary rules, such as: the pawn does not eat back and the capture of the pawn on the pass.

In order for you to know how chess pieces move, we suggest you read this series of articles that we have prepared for you. Everything is written here for each figure from A to Z, in a clear and simple language.

In addition to the fact that you will now know how the pieces move, also know the following:

• Kings on a chessboard cannot stand next to each other in a butt. There must be a gap of at least 1 cell between them.
• The king in chess cannot be eaten.
• With the right game, the rule applies - "I grabbed the figure - go to it"
• The player who has the right to move can at any time offer a draw, even after leaving. The opponent can accept a draw only before he retires in response.

That is, after a return move, after which he suddenly realizes that he made a mistake, he cannot accept a draw.

Let's get back to our checks, checkmates and stalemates. Since now you know how chess pieces move, you can show you with pictures with comments what a check, double check, checkmate and stalemate looks like.

Consider examples of how a pawn, rook, bishop, knight or queen puts the king in check.

Queen check example:

The queen attacks the king. The king has nowhere to move, because the g8-square is attacked by White's bishop on c4. But Black's knight can block the way for the queen and, so to speak, protect the king with its body. Yes, the poor horse will be eaten on the next move and will be checkmate. But for now, only a check from the queen.

Tax. And who will find a good move for black to check from the queen? Write it in the comments.

Rook check example:

The rook checks the king, but the king can go to h7, or the bishop, moving to f8, can cover the king with its mighty body.

Knight check example:

The only way out for the king is to f8. The squares h7 and f7 are attacked by White's pawn. And the h8-square is beaten by the queen. And there is nothing to eat a horse with.

Bishop check example:

The only defense against this check is only to block the bishop's attack with the rook. It is impossible to retreat with the king to g8, since this square is attacked by the queen.

An example of a pawn check:

The pawn moves to h7 and checks the king. Retreat is only possible on h8, since the f8-square is attacked by White's bishop. But there is one more defense against a check. You can simply sit down with the king as an attacking pawn, since it is without protection.

An example of another rook check:

With this line of check, Black has a huge choice of defenses. The king can go to the square d6, or you can defend yourself with your own pieces, that is, block the attack of the rook. You can close with a knight on e6 and a bishop on ne e6, or with a queen or bishop on e7.

And finally, let's look at the double check option:

In order to double check Black's king, White simply jumps his knight to f7. As a result, the check comes from both the knight and the queen on h7.

The only defense against a check is the retreat of the king to g8. Yes, the black queen can eat the white queen, but the check from the knight remains. Black can also capture the knight with the bishop, but then the check remains from the queen. There is only one way out with a double check - to move only with the king.

Now let's look at checkmate options.

Queen checkmate example:

The king is not allowed to eat the queen because he is under the protection of the rook. There is nowhere to go either.

An example of checkmate with a rook:

Black puts checkmate. It is impossible for the king to run to the 2nd rank, as it is broken by the rook on f2. And nothing to close.

An example of a checkmate with a knight:

Very nice mat. Such a mat is also called stale. The king is pinned down by his own pieces.

Bishop checkmate example:

The bishop is pointing at the king. The king has nowhere to go. The h7 and h8 squares break through White's knight and rook. There is nothing to close. Yes, there is a rook on f8 and, in theory, you can hide behind it, but alas, if it leaves its place, it opens another check from the queen standing on b2. If such a move is made in a real game, it will be considered impossible. And with an impossible move, the player is automatically assigned a defeat.

Example of checkmate with a pawn:

The king is again crushed and the pawn cannot be taken, as it is protected by the bishop on d3.

Well, let's show the last version of a beautiful mat:

It is placed by the queen. White's king has nowhere to move since the kings cannot stand next to each other.

Now let's look at Pat.

This is the first example of a stalemate. Now it's Black's move and he has nowhere to move. The pawns ran into white pawns, and the move is forbidden by the king, since the queen controls all the squares.

Second variant of the pata:

Black's move. But they can't get off. The king cannot stand next to another king, and besides, the 7th rank is broken by the rook standing on a7. The knight also cannot leave its square, since it will open a check to the king from the rook on c8.

The ratio of the strength of a particular figure

Let's now talk about the strength of the pieces. We will tell you not only about who is stronger than whom, for example, a knight or bishop, queen or rook, but also about which piece is worth how many other pieces or pawns. If you don’t understand, then everything will be clear now… So…

The weakest piece in chess it's a pawn. She is so small, harmless and walks only 1-2 cells forward, eats obliquely one cell or beats in the aisle. BUT!

Do not forget that a simple pawn can turn into any piece (except the king) when it reaches the last line of the chessboard. Let's also remember the cases when a pawn put a checkmate and decided the outcome of the game. And look here:

Looking at the position on the board, it is clear to the naked eye that Black is winning. They face mate on c2 with a queen. Black has a queen, a rook, and even 2 minor pieces - a bishop and a knight. White has only a rook of strong pieces. BUT! White has a pawn and his move.

The question is - what does the pawn turn into when it stands on the last line of the board, namely the f7 square? That's right - a horse. And Black gets a nice smack checkmate. Here's your weak pawn...

In general, of course, the pawn of all the pieces is the weakest.

If we talk about who is stronger, the knight or the bishop, then everything depends on the position on the board. In some position, the knight is stronger than the bishop, and in some it is the other way around. Much still decides which bishop the player has left, light-squared or dark-squared.

If a player has 2 knights left, and his opponent has 2 bishops, then it is considered that 2 bishops are stronger than 2 knights in the game. Well, that is, it turns out that the first one has no bishops, only 2 knights, and the enemy has no horses, only 2 bishops.

In fact, if you study the theory of the chess game and its strategies very seriously, then you will know everything from A to Z on the strength of pieces in a particular position.

Well, the most powerful piece on the board is the queen. And why, you probably already understood. Because the queen goes where she wants.

The king is neither a strong nor a weak piece, he is simply a valuable piece. The king must be protected and protected.

Now let's talk about which figure is worth how much others. Let's not talk about the pawn. A pawn, as they say, is worth a pawn.

A bishop, like a knight, is equal to about three pawns.

The queen is equal in strength to two rooks or three minor pieces.

A rook plus a pawn is approximately equal in strength to two minor pieces.

You also need to know that 2 minor pieces are usually stronger than 1 rook. A rook and 2 minor pieces are stronger than a queen.

Chess situations during the game and their solutions

In principle, knowing everything that was written above and having studied all the information on the links in this article, you can safely play chess and proudly tell everyone around you that you know the chess rules perfectly.

However, let's look at some more chess situations, figure out what they mean and how to be in this or that situation.

Somehow the position on the board got lost. Well, anything can happen. A person passed by and hit the board, or you caught the edge of the board with your sleeve and knocked down the pieces.

In this case, the judge of the competition according to the record of the game restores the position. If you played with a sidekick in the yard or in the kitchen and the game was not recorded, then you just need to play again.

Initially, when the game started, the pieces were not placed correctly, and you discovered this in the middle of the game.

This happens. Rarely, but aptly. And again. If this is a championship or competition, then the judge is called and corrects the figures. Let's say you put the queen and the king in the wrong place, swapping them. Or a horse with an elephant.

If initially the white pieces were on the 7th and 8th lines, and the black ones on the 1st and 2nd, then the game is transferred to another board with the same position, only the pieces are placed as they should, the whites go up the 1st and 2nd lines to 7-8, and the black vice versa.

An example of incorrectly placed figures:

The player castling incorrectly.

Believe me, it often happens with novice chess players, they make castling not with a king and a rook, but with a queen and a rook. In this case, the rule - "Take it - go" is applied. That is, the player will need to move the piece he took on, and castling is canceled. A link to an article with the topic - how to castling correctly, we gave above.

The player touched one piece and moved another.

The judge is called. As a result, a decision is made about an impossible move, and the player who made it is considered the loser.

The player made a move and checkmate the opponent. BUT! The opponent suddenly looks at his watch and yells, "Shucks, you're out of time"...

The clock no longer matters. There is a checkmate on the board and the one who put it is recognized as the winner, even if time has already run out. It was necessary to shout to the checkmate on the board that the time was up. And not after the checkmate is already standing. Same thing with Pat.

The player has stopped the clock.

So he gave up.

There is a situation on the board when there are not enough pieces on the board to win any player.

Well, for example, only 2 kings remained on the board. In this case, the game ends in a draw.

The player overstayed the time when his opponent had only one king left.

In this case, a draw is declared. Because one king cannot checkmate.

The same position appears on the board three times in a row.

In this case, the game ends in a draw. Here is an example of such a situation:

Blacks understand that they are in trouble. White's pawn passes and threatens checkmate to their king. As a result, Black ends the game in a draw. Well, at least not defeat.

The queen moves to c2 and checks. The king can only move to a1. The queen then moves to c1 and checks again. The king should only go to a2. The queen on c2 checks again... And so 3 times. As a result, a draw.

That's actually all friends. Just as promised at the beginning of the game, keep the link to download the official FIDE rules - DOWNLOAD. Read it, maybe you will find something useful, but in general, this article has absolutely everything you need to know about the rules of chess.

If you think that the article is not complete, then please write in the comments about it and suggest adding something. We will definitely do it.

We hope the post was helpful to you. See you soon…

At first glance, it may seem that learning to play chess is quite easy, but in fact, this requires a lot of effort and remembering a few fundamental rules.

History of occurrence

People are still arguing about whether this game is a sport or an art. To date, computer technology has reached the point that any computer can easily solve "chess" problems of the highest complexity in a matter of seconds, but a person will need years of practice for this.

For the first time, the game in the form in which it is now customary to see it appeared 15 centuries ago in the East. Its rules were based on Arabic shatranj and Indian chaturanga. In the Middle Ages, the first chess tournament was held in Europe, in which only knights took part. These were real mind games. Chess in those days was considered the property of noble people.

There is one oriental legend according to which this game made a real rich man from a poor man. One wise man, who first showed the world how to play chess, asked for one grain of wheat for one cell for his “invention”, two for the second, four for the next, and in a similar progression further to the end of the board. The ruler agreed, but he had no idea that in the end he would have to give 8.5 quintillion grains (a number with 18 zeros). As a result, several kilograms of wheat came out, which in those days was a great luxury.

As the legend shows, chess has so many variations in the development of events, but there are isolated situations that develop on the board more often than others, and experts study them. Great grandmasters know dozens of winning algorithms by heart, which are sought out and adjusted over the years in the course of hundreds of games.

Today this game has become popular all over the world. Many experts even recommend chess for children as a tool for developing deductive thinking.

Starting position

All pieces can only move on 64 squares of the board. Their correct location is also important. The board must be rotated so that there is a white square to the right of the player. On the plane itself there are 32 figures of two colors (black and white).

The rules of the game of chess state that each of the "armies" of opponents must be mirrored to each other. In the first rank, pawns are placed towards the enemy, and on the last line of the board, all the other pieces. Rooks are placed in the corners, then next to them are horses, behind them are bishops. In the center of the board, as expected, there are a queen and a king, and the second must be on a cell of the opposite color.

Moves are made in turn, with White starting the game first. Often pawns go into battle at the beginning.

Pieces and their moves

The most important thing in chess is the king, but by itself he is practically helpless. Moves one cell in any direction. If you put him in a stalemate, then the game is lost regardless of the number of remaining pieces. This position is called mate, which means “to die” in Arabic.

The second most important figure is the most powerful weapon of the king, which can move along any straight line and pass an unlimited number of cells in one move.

The rook, along with the queen, is included in the group of "heavy" pieces. It can only move in a straight line to the sides, except diagonally. There is no limit on the number of cells passed per turn.

The bishop is closest to the king and queen. The variability of moves is limited by diagonals, but not by the number of cells.

The knight is the most unique and interesting piece on the board. Unlike the others, he only moves in a “G” pattern, that is, two squares forward in the chosen direction and one square to the side. Before each move, the knight has 8 variations to maneuver.

There is another piece that is important to familiarize yourself with before playing chess - this is a pawn. And let her be considered the weakest on the board, but without her the king would be in danger of a very quick "death". It only moves forward 1 or 2 squares in its own half and one square in the other half.

You can capture an opponent's piece only if it is in the path of the player's move. Then its place is taken by a piece that beats it. If a situation arises when the king is threatened with deprivation of a place on the board, then it can be defended or a move can be made to the side. A pawn can capture any piece that is one square ahead of it diagonally.

Rules of conduct and cost of figures

The king can fight anyone except the queen, as he can attack all the cells around him.

The cheapest and weakest of the pieces is the pawn. Its main advantage is the ability to make a fork, that is, to simultaneously threaten two elements of the enemy "army" at once.

The rook is equal in value to five pawns and stands above all except the queen. This is a very important figure for any strategy, with the help of which you can checkmate at any time.

An elephant and a horse are approximately equal in value, although they have different properties. Equivalent to three pawns. Of the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting the "dead zones" where these pieces cannot get (bishop - never, knight - for several moves).

The most useful and strong element on the board is the queen. Its cost is equal to two rooks at once. The queen is able to make not only a fork, but also threaten 8 pieces at the same time.

Before playing chess, it is important to familiarize yourself with one more nuance. If a pawn has reached the last opposite cell of the board (to the opponent's first line), then it can be exchanged for any piece that was previously captured by the opponent.

Game recording

A standard chessboard is a square and consists of 64 fields. Vertically, the numbers from "a" to "h" are always placed, and numbers from 1 to 8 are placed horizontally. It is these designations that are used in the notation of moves.

Thus, each cell has its own name, for example, d5, e1, f8, etc. In the record of the move of the figure, two fields (initial and final) are recorded separated by a hyphen. For example: a2 - a4.

In addition, the figures also have their own short designations - these are the first letters of their names (F, L, S, K). The only exception is the king. His abbreviation in the record - Kr. The pawn is not marked in any way.

Game outcomes

The rules of the game of chess describe only two possible developments of the final and one intermediate one.

An attack on the king is called a check. This action is indicated in the record with a “+” sign. Among chess players it is customary to call it an intermediate outcome, when there is a possibility of a checkmate. In the case of a check, there are several ways to defend: move the king to the side, cover it with another piece, or capture the attacker.

If the king has no way to get away from the attack, then the opponent has been checkmated. In this case, the game is considered won. Denoted by the sign "x".

A draw in chess is called a stalemate. This is a situation where the player has only one step left to checkmate, but it will not be possible to take it, because the opponent has no options for maneuvering any of the pieces. Denoted by the symbol "#".

Castling

The rules of the game allow the king and rook to be swapped once per game. Chess for children excludes the possibility of castling pieces, as it has some nuances that are quite difficult to perceive. A permutation is allowed only when neither the rook nor the king has made a single move and is not under attack by the opponent. Also, it cannot be done at the very beginning of the game. During castling, the rook stands close to the king, and he stands on the adjacent square on the other side.

Russian chess

The rules of this game are no different from its Arabic counterpart. Russian chess is a board with 64 squares and 32 pieces. The pawns here are called tavrels. The rest of the figures have names: prince, rider and warrior. The king is a sorcerer.

How to play chess with such pieces? The main difference is the tower position. During the game, not a single piece is removed from the board. If one of them beats the other, then it is placed on top of the first, forming a kind of tower, and so on.

The game continues until the first figure appears on the sorcerer.

This article discusses the rules of chess for children and beginners. If you find it easier to master the material visually, then start the above video. It is more designed for children, but suitable for beginners of any age.

Chess- the oldest game and has long been compared with a battle. According to one of the legends, even the invention of chess is associated with the order of one ruler-commander who wanted to get a game, so to speak, a simulator of a real battle between two armies. And although living blood does not flow in chess, it is quite appropriate to imagine a chess player as a commander in command of an army of pieces in order to better understand the tricks of battles at the chessboard. And perhaps we should start from this very chessboard.

Chess board for beginners

Naturally, every commander must study the location and terrain where he will have to plan and conduct battles. It is easier for a chess player in this regard, because he will play all his fights on the same "terrain", on a standard chessboard. But experienced players study this “terrain” thoroughly, remember literally by name the proper name of each cell, its color, they know where the hottest fight is likely to take place on the board, how and what pieces it is better to bring there ...

Do not neglect the study of the chessboard!

The theater of military operations where you have to conduct chess battles is a square, in turn divided into black and white squares - fields. There are 64 fields in total, 32 white and 32 black.

Black and white fields alternate and, it would seem, the board is symmetrical, you can turn it as you like, nothing will change. But it's not. Before starting the game, make sure that the left corner field closest to you is black.

Each field of the chessboard has its own name - coordinates. To do this, use the Latin letters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and the numbers from 1 to 8, written along the edges of the board like this:

The rows of 8 fields opposite each of the numbers are called horizontals, and the columns of 8 fields opposite each of the letters are called verticals. Accordingly, the horizontals and verticals are indicated by their number or letter. Horizontal 1, horizontal 2 ... or vertical a, vertical b, etc. Thus, each field belongs to one vertical and one horizontal, from which each field gets its name - coordinates. For example, a field located simultaneously on the vertical f and on the horizontal 4 has a name - the field f4.

The fields of a chessboard of the same color, located on the same line are called diagonals. It is easy to guess that they go diagonally across the board.

Rules for moving pieces

Chess armies line up on the battlefield face to face. The forces of the parties before the battle are absolutely equal and the result of the battle depends only on the talent and knowledge of the generals. Pawns line up in front of each army.

White has 8 pawns on the second rank and Black has 8 pawns on the seventh rank. Pieces line up behind the pawns.

• rooks stand at the corners of the board:

• horses stand next to the rooks:

• next to the horses - elephants:

In order not to confuse the queen and king, you should remember a simple rule " The queen loves her color". Thus, the white queen should be placed on the white square, and the black queen on the black one. The side of the board where the kings are in the initial position is called the kingside, and where the queens are, the queenside.

Initial location on the diagram:

On a wooden chessboard:

The first move in a chess game is always made by White. A move is the movement of one piece from one square to another, free or occupied by an opponent's piece.

And now let's analyze how and what pieces make these moves, find out the capabilities of our soldiers.

Rook

The rook is a straightforward and powerful piece, the long-range artillery of chess, it can move any number of squares horizontally or vertically.

Elephant

The bishop is also a long-range piece, the chess archer can move any number of squares diagonally. It is easy to see that each bishop can move on squares of the same color, either only on white or only on black. On the field of what color in the initial position the bishop ended up, he will walk along the fields of the same color to the end. Therefore, elephants are called white-field and black-field, respectively.

Queen

The strongest piece, combines the capabilities of a rook and a bishop. Can move any number of free spaces in any direction in a straight line, horizontally, vertically, and diagonally.

Horse

The horse is the most cunning figure. If the rest of the pieces move straight along open lines, then the knight is not like that. The knight goes two squares straight horizontally or vertically in either direction, and sharply turns 900 in either direction. The diagram shows how the knight on b6 can move. He steps over squares b7 and b8, turns and stands on square c8. It turns out a route similar to the letter "G". Therefore, it is easy to remember "The horse walks with the letter G." And you can rotate this "letter" as you like. The diagram shows all the knight's moves from the e5 square. It should be noted that during its move, the horse must go through the "letter G" from the beginning to the end, it cannot stop in the middle of the "letter".

An interesting feature of the knight is the only piece that, after each move, changes the horizontal, vertical, diagonal and color of the field on which it stands.

Another trick of the knight, he can "take the barrier", during his move "jump" over neighboring pieces. In the diagram, we see that the knight on b1 is surrounded by pawns and a bishop, and in order to make a move, it seems to have to wait until it is freed up for a move. This would be true for any other piece, but not for the knight. The knight easily overcomes the barrier and can, at the request of the player, jump to the squares a3 or c3, or d2

King

The most important and valuable figure. The goal of a chess battle is to capture the opponent's king, to declare checkmate to him.

The king, like the queen, can move horizontally, vertically, diagonally in any direction, but only one field.

However, once per game, the king has the right to make a more frisky move, castling. If all the pieces standing between the king and the rook have left, and the king and the rook themselves have not yet made moves,

the king can move two squares towards the rook, and the rook "jumps" over the monarch, covering him with his broad back. This is how the position of the rook and king will look like after a short castling on the kingside:

And so after long castling on the queenside:

It must be remembered that, although both the king and the rook move during castling, according to the rules, castling is considered to be the move of only the king. Therefore, if you want to castle, you need to start it by moving the king two squares to the side, and then move the rook. You should not first push the rook towards the king, and then hide the king behind it. In this case, the opponent can say: “First you touched and moved the rook, move the rook, don’t touch the king.”

Castling is not possible:

• if the king or rook has already made moves during the game;
• if there is a piece between the king and the rook;
• if the square on which the king is located or the square that he must cross or occupy is attacked by an opponent's piece.

If only the rook is attacked or crosses the square attacked by the opponent, castling is allowed.

Pawn

Pawns are ordinary soldiers, infantrymen of the chess army. With its characteristics, the pawn resembles an ancient Roman legionnaire. Alone, a legionnaire torn off from the formation, as a combat unit, is weak, but the formation, where the legionnaires support and protect each other, can sweep anyone out of their way. In battle, the phalanx of legionnaires is doomed to move only forward. If other types of troops, cavalry, archers, can maneuver, move back, to the side, then the formation of legionary infantrymen always slowly and inevitably moves directly towards the enemy. To turn, retreat, means to break the system and die.

The pawn must also move only forward. From the initial position to two or one field, at the request of the player, with the next moves - only to one field. In the diagram, the pawns a2 and b2 are in their initial positions and can go to two squares or one. The a2 pawn is on the a3 or a4 square, and the b2 pawn is on the b3 or b4 squares. It can be seen that the rest of White's pawns have already moved, so they can only move one square. The c3-pawn can go to the c4-square, the g6-pawn to the g7-square, the h5-pawn to the h6-square.

A pawn, unlike other pieces, simply has a different move and a move with a capture. Again, remember the Roman legionnaire. Covered with a wide heavy scutum shield and armed with a short gladius sword, the legionnaire stabbed not directly in front of him, but obliquely from the shield, forward and sideways. The pawn also attacks forward and sideways, diagonally one square. In the diagram, the pawn on d4 rested its shield against the shield of the black pawn on d5 and cannot hit it, but it can mortally sting the knight on c5. The pawn on g6 can pierce the rook on f7 or the black pawn on h7.

As we can see, the black e7 pawn is in its initial position, and therefore has the right to move two squares forward, to e5. She has something, but the e6 square is under attack by the white pawn f5, and it is fraught for infantrymen to run across the fields located in the zone of action of the enemy sword. In this situation, the white f5-pawn can capture the black pawn that has run past, and itself move to the e6-square. Such a capture is called an aisle capture. Such a capture is possible only immediately, in response to the dash of the enemy pawn.

When a pawn, having overcome all dangers, reaches the horizontal, it, at the request of the player, turns into any piece except the king. In the vast majority of cases, the pawn is promoted to the most powerful piece, the queen.

Other chess rules

As you know, in any battle, soldiers do not just maneuver on the battlefield, they attack and beat enemy soldiers, but they themselves defend themselves from enemy attacks. Chess pieces are no exception, they also attack, beat the enemy and defend themselves from attacks.

Moves in chess are performed by opponents in turn. A move can consist of a simple movement of one's own piece, or it can consist of capturing an opponent's piece. At the same time, it is removed from the board, and the piece that made the capture is put in place of the beaten piece.

In the diagram, the black queen, on her move, can capture the white rook on e3, in which case the rook is removed from the board, and the queen that captures it moves to e3. Also, the queen can take the bishop not on a6. In this case, the bishop is removed, and the queen stands on a6. Other possible captures by different pieces are also shown.

An attack on a king is called a check. The diagrams show a check to the king from various pieces.

The player must defend himself against the check. This can be done in three ways - leave the king, close the king with your piece, take the attacking enemy piece. In the diagram, the white queen attacked the black king and declared check. Black can leave with his king, close with a rook, or take the checker queen with his bishop.

If a position arises when the king is in check, and the player cannot make a single move to avoid it, this means that the king is checkmated. From Arabic, the phrase "shah mat" is translated as "the king is dead." The main goal of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king. In chess, it means losing. The party ends.

The diagram shows checkmate to the black king. The white rook on d8 gives a check, it is impossible to close or capture the attacked rook, just as it is impossible to get away from the check.

Chess games are not always played to checkmate. Often a player who has received a bad position and considers his position hopeless, gives up without waiting for a checkmate, as he is sure that a checkmate is inevitable sooner or later. However, even in the most difficult position, if the opponent is inattentive, the losing player can avoid defeat and demand a draw.

If a position arises in which the side that has the right to move cannot use it, since all its pieces and pawns are deprived of the opportunity to make a move according to the rules, and the king is not in check, this means that there is a stalemate on the board. The game ends and a draw is declared.

In the diagram, white has a rook and a king against a lone black king. White is looking forward to victory and is ready to checkmate and win in a few moves. However, it's Black's turn. They don't have a shah, and they have nowhere to go. The rook cannot be captured, it is under the protection of the king, the squares a7 and b8 are under attack by the rook. Pat. Draw.

Another draw situation is a three-time repetition. Often achieved by perpetual check. In the diagram, White has a material advantage and is ready to checkmate with the next move. However, it is Black's move and he moves his queen to f2 and declares check. The white king must retreat to h1, there is no other way to defend. But Black checks again, returning with his queen to f1. The white king has no choice but to return to h2. There is no way to avoid continuous checks. And after a threefold repetition of the position, a draw is declared.

Also a draw is fixed:

• if both sides have made the last 50 moves without a capture and without a pawn move;
• if there are not enough pieces left on the board to checkmate.

And of course, the players have the right, by mutual agreement, to fix a draw if none of them sees a way to win.

A novice chess player should still remember an important rule, chess commanders, having given a rash order, cannot immediately cancel it. They don’t take back moves, but touching a piece, they are obliged to go with it. "Touched - go!"

Has your child ever played chess? Would you like to teach him this game from scratch? Then it will be very useful for you to read this article. Even if you are not a chess expert yourself, you can teach a preschooler the basics of this game.

To begin with, you can tell the kid the story of the creation of chess (depending on the age of the child, you can change the story a little).

The legend of the appearance of chess

In ancient times, the ruler of India was a young boy, Bagram. He never listened to other people's advice, was extremely quick-tempered and proud. Bagram fought endlessly with his neighbors, even if they had stronger troops. As a result, India was close to ruin, people began to starve. The courtiers could not convince the rajah (then in India that was the name of the rulers) not to resort to military force.

One day, one of the wise men named Nazir offered Bagram to play a game he had invented called "chess". Each of the two opponents in this game had their own army, reminiscent of the real army of that time - it consisted of foot soldiers, horses, bishops, rooks. In chess, the one who was wiser and more far-sighted won, because both armies were equal in strength.

The young ruler liked chess so much that he instantly became a strong player, ordered all the courtiers to learn the game, and began to wage endless battles with them on the board.

And he decided to generously reward the sage for a great invention. But when the ruler asked Nazir what he wanted, he replied: “I need quite a few grains, it will be enough if one grain is placed on the first cell of the chessboard, and on each next 2 times more than on the previous one. And give them to me."

Bagram, surprised by the modest request, self-confidently promised to give Nazir his sack of wheat. But the sage asked him not to hurry with the answer and count how many grains are needed.

When the best scientists counted the required number of grains, their amazement knew no bounds. In total, 18 quintillions of wheat came out, this is a huge amount - more than grains of sand in the Sahara Desert!

Raja realized that Nazir had taught him a lesson for his self-confidence. He was shocked by his wisdom and imbued with great respect for chess. The ruler realized that it was necessary to listen to the opinions of others. Bagram began to constantly play chess, established relations with his neighbors, and now fought only on the chessboard. In India, he began to develop agriculture and handicrafts, and India began to prosper.

Now you can introduce the child to the rules of chess.

Basic elements and rules of the game

Chess board

Show your child the chessboard.

The chessboard consists of 64 dark and light squares, which are called fields. Regardless of the shade of the fields, light fields are called white, and dark fields are called black. The same applies to figures - light ones are called white, dark ones are black. The colors of the battle arena fields alternate. The board is numbered horizontally with numbers from one to eight, and verticals - with foreign letters from a to h.

It is important to correctly position the chessboard - there should be a black field on the left. The chessboard is the place of battle, where two armies of pieces, led by kings, fight.

Chess Troops

Each opponent has an army of 16 pieces. When a piece moves across the board, it is called a move. The figures can "eat" the enemies, while the eaten ones are removed from the cells, and the victorious ones are put in their places.

King

The king is the central figure in the game, but also very weak. He makes very modest moves - one step (field) in all directions, and "eats" in the same way. It is very important to protect and protect the king, because if the king "dies" - the game ends.

Queen

Queen - means commander, commander. Fans mistakenly call the queen the queen. For young children, you can leave this name - it will be more interesting for them to learn chess.

The queen is the strongest piece, he makes moves along straight lines and diagonals to any number of fields, eats opponents' pieces in the same way.

Rook

Each player has two rooks, they stand at the corners of the board. To remember the move of the rook, the following rhyme will help the kids - "I am stubborn in character, therefore I only go straight." The rook always moves in straight lines and "eats" the pieces in the same way.

Elephant

The game involves 4 elephants - 2 for each player (some mistakenly call them officers). They can only move along oblique lines - one reigns on the white diagonals, the other on the black ones.

Horse

Each side has 2 unusual figures - a horse. The horse is a very interesting figure, it is the only one in the game that can jump over any pieces. They say that the horse moves with the letter "g" - one cell to the side and two forward, or two - to the side and one forward.

Pawn

Pawns are the most numerous pieces, each opponent has eight of them. Pawns in the army are infantry, the weakest pieces. They can only move one space in a straight line and are usually the first to die. In their initial move, they are allowed to move either one or two spaces forward. They eat other people's pieces diagonally.

Unusual chess moves

Castling

This is a special and very important move, in which two different pieces move at once (the king and the rook), the king hides in cover, and the rook is brought to the center for an active game. It is carried out as follows - the king moves towards the rook, and the rook jumps over it and becomes side by side. Each side can make only one castling during the game.

Taking on the pass

A pawn is allowed to “capture” an enemy pawn on the square over which it jumped on the first move.

What are the goals pursued in a chess battle?

The task of each player is to attack the partner's king. An attack by a piece of the enemy king, from which he can defend himself, is called a check. An attack against which there is no defense is called checkmate. In this case, the game ends, the chess player has lost.

What is the best way to play chess for beginners? Don't yawn, look carefully at the board, think about your opponent's moves.

• Buy a good chess textbook for children - for example, V. Grishin "Kids play chess", I. Sukhin "Chess for the smallest", or any other self-instruction manual.
• Solve simple chess problems during chess lessons.
• Make learning fun - find or make up stories about chess, tell them to your child (for example, the amazing adventures of a pawn).
• Include an interesting cartoon or video lesson on chess in the lesson.
• Use creativity to get your child interested in chess - draw chess pictures, sculpt and cut out pieces.
• Play with your child more often, or let him fight other novice chess players.
• Make chess lessons interesting and educational for your child, and he will certainly fall in love with this game.

A chessboard is a battlefield or a magical world of adventure.

Ah, this intoxicating l ny world of chess tournaments. Where in the air And concentration melts, that delightful place where it seems, the thought itself, concentrating, directs the players by moving the pieces on the field.

In the 80s, the great chess players were not inferior to in my own way popularity of famous actors. The country had, literally, universal passion for chess from young to old.Today, interest in chess is no less great. I find nothing surprising in this, since chess is one of the few board games that has its roots in middle age the wisest world of the east,contributes to the development of logic from whom thinking, synchronization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, attention And I, memory, imagination, in a word, almost all mental about processes.

The level of development of mental processes in a child is directly proportional to the level of his school performance. and further learning. Therefore, chess, as a tool for the development of mental r oce s Owls in a child are viewed very positively.

And if you're in the mood teach a child to play chess, then it is very reasonable of you. logical but o, right there in you the question arises- as? How to teach a baby such a difficult game? Don't panic, everything is solved. Below we are and let's see how can your child not be so d In the future, make you a game of chess.1. Not all ages are equally useful.
2. You know how to teach yourself another you can't, turn to someone who knows.
3. Learning objectives and their solutions.
4. Task number 1. How to awaken interest?
5. Task number 2. How to help to know, but not to confuse?
6. Task number 3. How to teach to walk?
7. Task number 4. How about i remove the rules of the game?
8. If the child is already 10 years old, do we use the same solutions?
9. Video lessons on chess for beginners

Not all ages are the same

Let's start small, but most importantly . At what age can a child be taught chess? Do not consider me vulgar, but the words of one heroine of the film are asking me to mind,- "Basically , and a hare can be taught to smoke.”

This is how I answer my parents, wishing to teach a child this game from the age of two(although , such at m there are many and very usableon foot). There is one big BUT . I just beg and beg you, in pursuit of , the so-called development of the child from all sides and at all costs, for the sake of boastingin front of acquaintances, compensation for their unrealized plans, not l And Shame the child of childhood, this is fleeting oh happy first moment of life. Let him learn in simple, things available for his age.

Believe there is also a lot of interesting things in the sandbox, your e private trips to nature and stories of fairy tales at night, go ra more will bring the floor s development your baby than complicated, required mentally demanding game. Solve of course you but I deemed it necessarym to say about it.
10 years is the optimal age for acha la teaching children chess, the child is already a little stronger both physically and psychologically, in the field of his interests with success can already be added to chess.
5-6 years old - if you really want to but if you want, you can try, but t about where is the effort with your th hundred r they will need much more.

If you can do it yourself - teach another, if you don't know how - contact someone who knows

There are two scenarios.

If you're child minded educate yourself, with t in enno , you must be able to play play chess . Otherwise, how can teach others how to then you can't and you can't m eat yourself, agree- n it's logical. Consequently, if you don't know how to play chess - contact children's centers, where such services are provided, but again, if you have this idea, then you learn yourself. This is not a one-time action.

About was a course of study and goodbye. W what they taught, where the money was thrown out is not clear. Naturally that any acquired by a child skill, needs to be fixed, including the ability to play chess. Well , isn't it wonderfulspend the evening not watching TV, but playing chess with a child. Don't you find?

So, those who go to the experts we sayin this article, goodbye to the insistent desire to learn the game yourself. BUT with playing parents we are talking further. Understandably , if you know how to play, then you don't need to explain the rules. But, happens very often such - I can, and g to paradise, but I don't know how to teach.

So here we are we try to give you solutions to each of your tasks, when teaching a child to play chess.

Learning objectives and their solutions

Task number 1. How arouse interest?

Solution:

It all depends on your imagination. I I can suggest the following.

Well , where we are today without cartoons, they will be useful to us here too.

As if, inadvertently, accidentally turn on a cartoon about chess for a child, it could be "Fixies", as an option .

Watch together sometimes commenting.

After watching the cartoon, casually in with remember , that somewhere you have real chess, a cat about rye gave you your pr a-great grandfather, or grandmother, not fundamental point. The main mystery more . Reach out from far shelves your "piano in the bushes" - chess. Good ones large, pocket version will not work.

Together with your child, open the box and take and no figures, de lay it mysteriously, ask the kid but deal with them gently to olka chess is great family treasure if you deal with them carelessly, they may get offended and disappear b. R put them on the board, tell very clearly What are these figures. For example: servants, kings, horses, etc. wa warring troops, m You can think of names for them.

This should not take too long and become tiresome. P give the child everything at take under the pretext of getting ready for bed.

Ideally , of course at night to tell kid a fairy tale about two about chess (your fantasy d about must work to the fullest). Follow the next and ktsie th child. E if he is monovalent, and he interrupts you with questions about, when you let him play a computer game, then do not drive horses and stop and improve your knowledge of chess.

D ozir o enter your chess games with him- or, play emotionally at the same time and try, for the child to be by your side. Don't do anything treats children better, than a shining example of their parents! E if it doesn't work, then postpone training indefinitely th term. Maybe , the child needs to grow up.

If the kid is clearly interested, then move on.

Task number 2 How help to know, but not to confuse!

Solution:

Let's agree right away, in all your lessons should not be e embroider a maximum of 30 minutes if you see, that interest is lost, stop exercising!

Keeping all the same but the originality, which is at the first meeting, n Start telling your child about the meaning of the shapes. And, no need for conservatism, yes but Give them fictitious names. H Call everyone by their real names. So that later in the head of the child there would be no confusion. The only thing, that you can use the associations method.

H for example:

King - because there is a crown on his head and he is alone, there can't be two kings in a country.

Queen - let her be queen, I don't think so there will be a big mistake, then - the same one, then - the same in the crown, chapter king's assistant.

Rook- there are two of them, they are courageous, powerful officers, they are worthy protect the king.
Elephant- then - the same protector of the king, but more secret, you can spend p a ralel l b, that he is all wrapped up in clothes, only the cap sticks out, and therefore secret.

Horse - well, everything is clear(don't miss).

Pawns – they are soldiers, so there are many of them, so they are very small.

Something like that.

Let the child take each figure in his hands, repeating its name, try immediately, what each figure would fall into place.

At the end of the lesson P play a game with your child"At guess what's missing?»

The child turns away, and you remove any piece from the board turning around, oh n must name, what you removed. Then switch roles i mi. In the process of learning, you can swap the pieces and ask the child to evaluate whether they are correctly placed on the board.

Think , from one lesson, the baby will not clearly remember the name and location of the figures. I'll tell you right now what do you need on page t r wears for a long timecourse of study (although, every child is an individual- then it will go faster, to whom - it will take more time).

P if necessary with m wipe yourself, the lesson should be repeated again.
IN In any case, each next one should begin by consolidating the material of the previous one.

Task number 3. How to teach to walk?

Solution:

Study the moves in turn with each piece, do not knead everything at once.

First, arrange a walk for the pawns. FROM the soldiers go on a campaign. This is where myth comes in handy."About the Living Board". After that , How do you explain to a child how the pawn moves, walk with him use them several times on the board. Ask your child to take turns every pawn.

If he does wrong board all of a sudden“comes to life” and “earth shaking” begins, or if it gives an “alarm signal” (everything depends on your artistic ability). D kids love it, they laugh as they correct their mistakes. Agree that this is better than your monotonous remarks: wrong, so they don't go.

You can also use this technique for the initial arrangement of f ig ur if baby is wrong, the board may react violently.

And so, in turn, step by step, you explain which "paths" the figures walk on. Don't drive horses here. Turn every activity e on a journey through the chess country of fairy-tale heroes. By the way, nobody canceled the secrecy. Remember to remove and put away the chess very carefully. Let it be a kind of ritual l and the end of the lesson.

Task number 4. How about me remove the rules of the game?

R solution

Only after your child e nok y to naming figures accurately calls them locationwhere and how they can move, you can start the I remove the rules of the game.

Don't use smart words.

Conditionally - two great countries (good and evil, monsters and mutants, well, black and white will also go) start the battle. That country will win, which capture t king. H start the game. Immediately in the game, practice the skills of eliminating enemy figures. You see the script of the game at the beginning so that you win, so that the child understands, How does this happen . P om m o motivate the success of your future from the master.

And so, step by step, game over and play swarm, your child will begin to move confidently around the chess country.
Remember no violence!! Just live in oh interest. Baby d o I'm lying to tease you to get the chess from a secret place. The game can get serious about motivation - now we will finish the lessons and we will play, now we will clean your room and start the game, etc.

If the child is already 10 years old, do we use the same solutions?

All these solutions are described, of course, for children 5-7 years.

They certainly suitable for a 10 year old child, but in a more specific form.

Here you can set clear goals, all in all, more mature. Although, ten-year - children also love to play.


The best and opti m al option for teaching grown-up children- this is a good example . If there is a tradition in the house play chess , and the child is attracted, first as a spectator, and sweat about m and teaching with tn and ka, the learning process will be very organic, as a matter of course yea yea.

When I was preparing this article, I'm just glad and interest I asked my adult sons, can they play chess s ( it was just not accepted in our family). AND, oh my god they both do!! . When asked where- about the answer was - grandfather taught. The fact is that during the summer holidays I sent the children to their great-grandfather. And playing chess bingo with neighbors in their yard were wound up. D children were indispensable participants in these gatherings, it was then from about 7-12 years old T . That's how easily and naturally, and passed their training.

Periodically, while playing chess, your child will be able to master the exact sciences more easily in the future. Whether your kid becomes a great chess player or not is not so important, but, that he will learn to think independently, will strive to win and win at the same time, analyze situations and make decisions - this absolutely right.

That's why , Dear Parents, get on the horse of the desire to teach, take the spear of patience and set off not to conquer, no, but to bring knowledge to the quivering andthe touching world of your child, most importantly do it with loveand then you will succeed!

Below is a video tutorial on chess for beginners