Routes of the most important travels. Travels of Dr. Etceterini Map Image

⇡ Tripline.net

With the help of this site, you can prepare fascinating interactive videos showing your movement on Google Maps. They look like this: from one point to another, a red line successively passes, indicating your route. At key points, the movement stops so that the viewer can read the information and watch a slideshow of photographs; all this is accompanied by a musical composition. At any time, you can pause the preview, switch to manual mode and change the scale of the surface.

Travel map created with Tripline.net

To create a map, you need to log into the site using your account (registration is supported only through Facebook). After that, you should click the Create a new map button, which is located next to the search line. There are three ways to create a map:

Let's take a closer look at the manual editing option. At the first stage, you need to enter the name of the card, its type (trip, hike, cruise, etc. - more than twenty options in English), the place where you have been (for example, Europe or Africa), privacy parameters (personal, for friends, public ) and check other options.

Creating a new card at Tripline.net

In the next step, you will need to add key points that make up the journey. The starting point is your Facebook location and can be edited or deleted. You need to add new places using the add places button - they will be marked on the map with numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on. You can do this in three ways: by searching for settlements on Google Maps, by entering geographic coordinates, and manually by dragging the placemark on the map. However, in the same way you can change the position of points added automatically. For each point, not only the location is indicated, but also the date, time of visit and information such as name, description, personal notes, as well as how it is displayed in the video: stop at it, drive by or view a slideshow are added. You are free to determine how many points you need to fix in the route - however, it should be borne in mind that the service lays straight lines between them, without taking into account roads or obstacles, and if you want to demonstrate all the complexity and tortuousness of the route, you will have to create many points at every turn of the way.

Editing a point on the map in Tripline.net

Before saving the map, you can edit the information about it again and select the melody that will accompany the viewing. Unfortunately, you cannot upload your own sound file - you have to be content with a choice of more than ten standard compositions: African motives, jazz, indie and others. Photos are added after the map has been created, by clicking on the icon with the image of the camera in the point options. You can upload photos from your computer or import them from Facebook, Instagram, Flickr, and Picasa online albums. Also, comments are added to the descriptions of the places.

Adding Travel Photos to Tripline.net

⇡ Tripster.ru

This is a Russian service, the purpose of which is to help organize independent travel. Here you can find questions and answers of travelers, search for flights and hotels, and in your profile you can mark the cities in which you have already been and where you plan to travel. Registration is carried out in several steps. On the first of them, you need to place a checkmark near the visited cities of Russia, Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. Only the most popular cities are displayed, you can add the rest later.

Registration at Tripster.ru. First step

When you click the "Get a card" button, you go to the second step, where you need to enter your profile data - e-mail, page address on the service (like tripster.ru/user), name, surname and name of your city. After that, you will be able to proceed to the mass adding of markers near all visited places: in this mode, a Google Maps map and a list of settlements corresponding to this scale level are displayed. If the European part of Russia is in the center, then the list will include Moscow, St. Petersburg and others, and if Siberia - then Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, and so on. The usual search by city names also works.

Adding cities to Tripster.ru

The finished travel map can be viewed in your profile, as well as embedded in your blog or personal site. To do this, you need to copy the HTML-code of the map in the settings. It displays a section of Google Maps with tags, and above the map there is a plate with approximately the following information: "user was in 28 cities and 7 countries", and you can switch to more detailed statistics, including the place and result among all users of the service. In addition, you can embed a button on your site with similar information, but without a map.

Map from Tripster.ru inserted into a post of a LiveJournal user

The service also allows you to mark the cities you want to visit and collect various information about upcoming travels. You can use these opportunities to organize future travel arrangements.

⇡ Flagatrip.ru

Another Russian service that hosts a large amount of information from travelers. You can mark visited places, upload travel reports and plan future events, upload photos and videos, share reviews. The site has well-developed elements of social networks - you can view the profiles of other users, add friends, join communities. After completing the registration procedure, you can start generating your card. To do this, go to your profile and click the "Create and edit" link.

Creation of a trip map for Flagatrip.ru

First, you can add or change your current place of residence and one by one indicate the places where you have been. When entering a name, they are selected from the list; as elsewhere, the cartographic database Google Maps is used. Please note that places visited are not only added here - they can also be marked when creating reports. Report generation takes place in several steps. On the first one, you need to select the start and end dates of the trip, mark its type (hitchhiking, trip with children, bike, and so on), enter the points of departure and destination, and there may be several of the latter - you can put a tick “was passing” on them. For each point, the type of transport that was used for movement should be noted (they are presented in the form of icons - an airplane, car, bus, boat, etc.), and at the destinations you can also indicate the hotels where you stayed.

Creation of a trip report on Flagastrip.ru

In the second step to the report tags are added, and on the third, a description is entered. It includes the title of the report, information about the trip (the visual text editor allows you to highlight the font, insert links, emoticons, photos, videos and tables), individual facts and a folder with corresponding photos. After clicking the "Finish!" the report will be generated, and the labels of the listed items will appear on your map. You can customize the size of the map (small, medium, large or custom) and copy the HTML to embed it on your website or blog LiveJournal, LiveInternet, Blogspot. You can also copy the button code "I have visited so many countries" or "I have visited so many places in so many countries."

User profile Flagatrip.ru

The places you have visited are marked with flags on the map. This is not the only category of objects - in addition to locations, the map may contain icons of hotels, attractions, restaurants, entertainment, events, and outdoor activities. You can switch between them using the buttons in the upper right row. To add such an object to the map, you need to leave a review, indicating the name, location, rating and description. If you did it first, you will receive the status of the discoverer of this place. Reviews are available for viewing by other users in the "Guides" section, where a significant information base has been formed by the efforts of travelers. Useful information from it can be added to "Favorites". In addition to reviews, you can post photos and videos. Another feature that is worth mentioning is the ability to plan future trips in the same way as the report on the ones already taken is generated.

⇡ Marshruty.ru

This site is a community of people traveling. There is a large amount of reference information, topographic maps, books, routes are presented, a calendar of events is kept, a search for places, schedules and tickets, hotels is carried out, a forum and services such as an online store of tourist equipment, car rental are running. Among the functions there is the ability to compile reports on the routes traveled and a map of your travels. Registration is rather unusual: you need to correctly answer at least three out of five geographical questions - where is Kamchatka, Baikal, and the like. Interestingly, for the answer you need to place a marker on the Google Maps; if you put it in the wrong place, you will be asked to choose one of four answer options.

Registration at Marshruty.ru. Passing the geographic test

After you have given the correct answers, you should complete the registration, then add at least five directions of travel by train or plane - this is necessary to form the initial travel map. Here you can select the starting and ending points of the trip, as well as the type of transport. The service uses its own database of geographic objects, which is not as extensive as Google Maps, and you cannot find the most remote settlements on the list. What is noteworthy, the routes are laid taking into account the existing railways and airlines, even the distance in kilometers is shown (the route maps of the existing carrier companies are taken, in some directions a link is provided to obtain more extensive information). Although if you indicate a non-existent route (by train in the USA), then a flat line will be drawn between the two points. The only frustrating thing here is that the map does not take into account the car traffic.

Adding initial travel directions to Marshruty.ru

By filling in the travel directions, you can mark the places you visited by simply pointing out the cities, seas, rivers, mountains and caves you have visited. Cities are grouped by region and country, other objects are also subdivided by region. It is worth saying that there are significantly fewer of them in the directory than settlements (only the most famous ones are Volga, Everest and the like), and you will have to indicate the location of most of the conquered peaks and rivers passed manually. To do this, you need to indicate brief information about the object - type, name, description, where it is located - and mark the point on Google Maps. All added objects on your map (mountains, rivers, etc.) are highlighted with a symbolic icon, the visited regions will also be highlighted and the extreme travel points on the four cardinal points will be marked.

Active traveler card on Marshruty.ru

You can generate not only a travel map, but also reports on the routes traveled; links to them will be present in the description of the added objects. The new route is added in several stages. First, you need to enter the name, description, area of ​​travel, start and end dates, indicate the types of activity (cycling, diving, and so on). Then you can edit the interactive route map. This is done either manually or by importing a finished track, which can be downloaded from a GPS navigator or created using the Google Earth program - the wpt, gpx, kml and kmz formats are supported. If you are forming a route on your own, then you should add the visited places one by one (these can be either settlements from the reference book, or "halts on the side") and draw a travel line. The transition to the drawing mode is carried out by clicking on the map; you can create an unlimited number of points, forming the path of the path. You can also link photos to the map. To do this, you need to add an album, upload pictures to it and link them to a place, which is done automatically if they contain geotags in EXIF ​​information (there is another function - combining images by date and time with a track from a GPS navigator), or manual mode, by marking a cross on the card for each picture.

The route report on Marshruty.ru is replete with various information

Unfortunately, the created maps cannot be embedded on your website or blog - you can only share links to them. Site visitors have the opportunity to view your profile, which displays the number of visited countries, cities and other places, the total length of rail trips and air flights (in kilometers), extreme points reached.

⇡ Panoramio.com

Strictly speaking, Panoramio is not a service for travelers, but it is great for this role - albeit only if you bring heaps of pictures from your trips. This site, owned by Google, is designed to host photographs with geographic coordinates. The downloaded images will be displayed on your map in the places where they were taken, which will allow you to estimate the geography of your movement around the world. In addition, after being checked by the moderator, the photos will be available for viewing by other users of the service, and will also be displayed in the Google Earth program when the "Images" layer is active.

You can enter the site using your Google account. After that, you must upload the photos, and they are also imported from the Picasa Web Albums or Google+. If the file already contains geographic coordinates in EXIF ​​information, the service will automatically determine them; otherwise, you need to link the photos to Google Maps. To do this, you need to drag the marker to the appropriate place on the map (you can use the search) and click the "Finish" button.

Linking photos to the map on Panoramio.com

You should be aware that the pictures will become publicly available after a certain amount of time required by the moderators - from a couple of hours to several days. In Google Earth, then they become visible when the database is updated, which happens several times a week. Regardless of whether the photos were moderated or not, you can view your photos in both ways - on the map and in Google Earth by downloading a file with tags in the kml format. The map will look something like the following screenshot - you can link to it wherever you want.

Of course, such a map cannot be made through the efforts of one person. But you need to strive for this.

Similar functionality is available on the Yandex.Photos website with their Photo on Map service. If you are a supporter of "Yandex", then you can just as well use a similar solution of the domestic company.

⇡ Conclusion

Summing up this review, we cannot say unequivocally which of the services is the best for creating a travel map - everywhere they use their own approach to accomplish this task. Tripline.net allows you to create vivid presentation videos about your trips. On Tripster.ru you can mark all the cities and countries you have visited. Flagatrip.ru is more of a social network where users post reports and reviews. The Marshruty.ru service adheres to a certain scientific approach when analyzing travel. Finally, Panoramio.com will be useful for those who like to travel the world with a camera.

The answer left the guest

Key dates.Traveler's name.His contribution to the development of geographical knowledge about the territory of Russia.
1.1620-1623 (way to the East) - to Chukotka and Kamchatka.Pantelei Demidovich Penda.Discoverer of the Lena River. Penda climbed the Yenisei from Turukhanskado of the Lower Tunguska, then for three years walked to its upper reaches. I reached the Chechuysky portage, crossing the portage, sailed down the Lena River to the city of Yakutsk, to the mouth of the Kulenga, then the Buryat steppe to the Angara, where, having embarked on ships, through Yeniseisk arrived in Turukhansk.
2.1639-1640 Ivan Moskvitin.He was the first of the Europeans to reach the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, and the first to visit Sakhalin. The coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk was discovered and surveyed for 1300 km, the Udskaya Bay, the Sakhalin Bay, the Amur Estuary, the Amur estuary and the Sakhalin Island.
3.1628-1655Pyotr Beketov.Voivode, explorer of Siberia. Founder of a number of Siberian cities such as Yakutsk, Chita, Nerchinsk. In 1628-1629 he took part in the expeditions along the Angara. I went to Lena's inflows a lot. He founded several sovereign stockades on the Yenisei, Lena and Transbaikalia.
4.1641-1652 Mikhail Vasilievich Stadukhin.Russian explorer,explorer of North-Eastern Siberia, one of the first to reach the rivers Kolyma, Anadyr, Penzhina and Gizhiga and the northern part of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. He was the first to cross the Oymyakon plateau.In the early summer of 1643, Stadukhin descended the Indigirkek Sea and headed east. In July 1643 he opened the mouth of the Kolyma and going up the river to the middle course, he revealed the Kolyma lowland.
5.1630-1635 Vasily Ermolaevich Bugor.In 1630-1635 Vasily Bugor discovered new lands in Siberia and the Far East, identified a significant part of the Lena basin, traced all (4400 km) of its course, as well as a number of tributaries.
6.1633-1634 Ivan Rebrov.In 1633-1634 explorers led by Ivan Rebrovwent along the Lena River to the Arctic Ocean. Expedition Rebrova was the first to descend to the mouth of Lenaby opening the Oleneksky Baywith the river Olenok (1634)
7.1643-1646 Vasily Poyarkov.Russian explorer, Cossack. Discoverer of the Middle and Lower Amur. In 1643-1646, he led a detachment that was the first of the Russians to penetrate the Amur River basin, discovered the Zeya River, the Zeya Plain. Collected valuable information about the nature and population of the Amur region.
8.1649-1653 Erofey Khabarov.In 1649-53 made a trip along the Amur, diverting the Urka river into it to the very lower reaches. As a result of his expedition, the Amur indigenous population took Russian citizenship. Often he acted by force, which left him with a bad reputation among the indigenous population.
9.1648-1649 Semyon Dezhnev.Cossack chieftain, pathfinder, traveler, sailor, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia. Participated in the opening of the Kolyma as part of the Stadukhin detachment. From the Kolyma to the kochakh I walked along the Arctic Ocean along the northern coast of Chukotka. 80 years before Vitus Bering, the first European in 1648 passed the (Bering) Strait separating Chukotka and Alaska.
10.1648 g.Popov Fedot Alekseevich.Russian merchant, organizer and participant of the expedition1648, which discovered the Strait (Bering Strait) between Asia and North America , from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific.
11. 1696-1697 Vladimir Atlasov.Experienced polar explorer. O organized an expedition to explore Kamchatka at the beginning of 1697. Atlasov was not the discoverer of Kamchatka, but he was the first Russian who passed the entire peninsula from north to south and from west to east. He made a detailed map of his journey. His report contained detailed information about the climate, flora and fauna. For the annexation of Kamchatka to Russia, Vladimir Atlasov, by decision of the government, was appointed there as a salesman.

People are vain. Bloggers are even more conceited. They are measured by places in the top, social capital and other attributes of success in virtual life. Travel bloggers are triple vain. They have the opportunity to compete in the number of countries and cities visited, in kilometers of routes and flights. Fortunately, on the Internet, there are enough all kinds of services that allow you to visualize and calculate your travel achievements. The main such tool is travel maps. I am not trying to make a review of sites and programs that allow you to map your travels. There are a lot of them. I'll tell you only about those that I use myself.

Although I'm not a blogger or a traveler, curiosity and vanity are not alien to me either. I also try to keep statistics of travels and maps are my favorite tool for this.

In this post, I will limit myself to post-facto travel mapping (mapping routes already traveled). Maps used on-line during travel (both paper and electronic), navigation and building routes on-line are a topic for a separate discussion.

Maps of visited countries

The most global map available to a tourist or traveler, unless of course he patched up to Mars - a map of visited countries. Such a map usually performs the function of a counter, indicating the number of countries.

You can find at least a dozen sites that allow you to create such a map interactively and provide an embed code on your page, for example, in LiveJournal.

They differ in ease of use, graphics and, most importantly, in the approach to the number of countries. Someone considers only officially recognized independent states, someone also includes territories with a special status (for example, Hong Kong and Macau), and someone does not find some little-known countries like my beloved Kiribati.

I use the very first service that appeared on the network (http://douweosinga.com), which generates the simplest graphical map (1):

This service counts only "official" countries, of which I have accumulated 61.

Another version of the map - from http://bighugelabs.com - looks good, but adds Hong Kong, Macau and the Aland Islands to me (2):

The nicest in terms of graphics, but not the most convenient for inserting into your site is a map from http://www.ammap.com/ (3):

Maps of visited regions by country

This type of map allows you to paint the visited regions on the world or country map. This makes sense, first of all, for large countries with a federal structure, so there are such services for the USA, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Russia.

For Russia, such maps can be built using at least two services - www.visited.ru and http://xtalk.msk.su/rusmap/.

Maps of visited places and cities

Some services allow you to combine countries visited and places visited. True, the choice of seats remains the privilege of the authors of the service and is not always clear.

RunKeeper draws routes in GoogleMaps and stores them on its website in the user's account.

For example, here is a map of a 12-kilometer walking tour in Riga from RunKeeper with additional information (time, pace, calories, terrain and a graph of the pace change) (15):

And this is a GPS tracking of a walk in San Francisco with a length of 16 km (16):

RunKeeper's only big drawback is its glitchiness. With long routes, it often hangs and does not allow recording the entire route. However, this may be due not to the application, but to its carrier.

Railway Route Maps

For these purposes, I have not found a suitable service. I built a map of my routes by rail in Google's Maps Engine, not caring too much about the accuracy of the display of railways. On a small scale, it looks like this (17):

Flight maps and databases

Here, unlike the railway, there are several good services that allow you to maintain a database of air flights and display them on a map. I use Flight Memory (http://www.flightmemory.com) and Open Flights (http://openflights.org/) services. One of them is better suited for maintaining a base of flights, and the other is better at building maps. Fortunately, Flight Memory data can be imported into Open Flights.

Both services allow you to maintain a database of air flights, generate a lot of entertaining statistics and flight maps.

For example, here is my general flight statistics for 2010-2012 (I was too lazy to enter earlier flights) from Flight Memory (18):

And here are the statistics for airports, airlines, planes, routes (19):

Flight Memory generates separate maps for domestic and international flights, which is inconvenient in my opinion. This is how my map of international flights for 2010-12 from Flight Memory (20) looks like:

The map from Open Flights seems to me to be more successful in terms of the schedule, and it does not divide flights into domestic and international. My 2012 flight map (21):

Questions

With all the variety of services for building route and travel maps, there are no ideal tools. In this regard, several questions remain.

Are there any universal services for keeping travel statistics with routes and maps - like Flight Memory, but for any type of movement?

Are there specialized services for building routes by rail and by sea?

Well, I will be glad to any advice on the topic.

Good luck satisfying your curiosity and vanity. The cards are dealt.

Routes of the most important travels GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES, a conventional term adopted mainly in historical literature, denoting the largest geographical discoveries of European travelers in the 15th to mid-17th centuries. In foreign literature, the period of the Great Geographical Discoveries is usually limited to the middle of the 15th to the middle of the 16th century. Great geographical discoveries

The caravel is a symbol of the great geographical discoveries. The great geographical discoveries became possible thanks to the successes of European science and technology. By the 15th century, sailing ships (caravels), sufficiently reliable for ocean navigation, were created, the Great Geographical Discoveries

Tusk of the Walrus New trade routes also forced the search for Turkish conquests, which cut off the traditional merchant ties with the East through the Mediterranean Sea. In the overseas lands, Europeans hoped to find wealth: precious stones and metals, exotic goods and spices, ivory and walrus tusks. Great geographical discoveries

Coat of arms of Portugal The first systematic expeditions in the Atlantic Ocean were started by the Portuguese. Portugal's activity at sea was predetermined by its geographical position in the far west of Europe and the historical conditions that followed the end of the Portuguese Reconquista. Great geographical discoveries

Heinrich (Enrique) Navigator Traditionally, the success of Portugal at sea is associated with the name of Prince Henry the Navigator (). He was not only the organizer of sea expeditions, but also seriously engaged in the development of open lands.

Azores In 1416 the Portuguese sailor G. Velho, following south along Africa, discovered the Canary Islands, in 1419 the Portuguese nobles Zarco and Vaz Teixeira discovered the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo, in 1431 V. Cabral Azores. Great geographical discoveries

Diogo Caen in the Congo During the 15th century, Portuguese caravels mastered the sea route along the western coast of Africa, reaching more and more southern latitudes. In the years Diogo Kan (Cao) crossed the equator, opened the mouth of the Congo River and went along the coast of Africa to Cape Cross. Kahn discovered the Namibian deserts, thereby refuting the legend of the impassability of the tropics, which existed since the time of Ptolemy. Great geographical discoveries

CHRISTOPHOR COLUMBUS, portrait of an unknown artist, 16th century In 1492, after the capture of Granada and the completion of the reconquest, the Spanish king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella accepted the project of the Genoese navigator Christopher Columbus () to reach the shores of India by sailing west.

Columbus Profile Columbus Coin The Columbus project had many opponents, but he received the support of scientists from the University of Salaman, the most famous in Spain, and, no less importantly, among the business people of Seville.

Christopher Columbus (yy) From the Canary Islands, Columbus headed west. On October 12, 1492, after a month's voyage in the open ocean, the fleet approached a small island from the group of the Bahamas, later named San Salvador.

The second expedition Subsequently, Columbus made three more trips to America in years, years, during which part of the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Trinidad, etc. were discovered; part of the Atlantic coast of Central and South America was surveyed.

Columbus with an anchor and his noble coat of arms Columbus for his great discoveries was granted by the Spanish monarch a noble coat of arms, on which "the castle of Castile and the lion of Leon coexisted with images of the islands discovered by him, as well as anchors of the symbols of the admiral's title." Personal coat of arms of Columbus

Vasco da Gama Returning to Portugal in September 1499, Vasco da Gama was greeted with great honor, received a large monetary award and the title "Admiral of the Indian Ocean", as well as the title of Don and the cities of Sines and Vila Nova de Milfontes in the fiefdom. In 1519 he received the title of Count of Vidigueira.

PORTRAIT OF VASCO YES GAMA Later I was in India twice more. Died in Cochin (India) on December 24th The ashes were transported to Portugal and buried in the small church of Quinta do Carmo in Alentejo. In 1880 the ashes were transferred to the Monastery of the Jeronimites in Lisbon.

John Cabot In Spain and Portugal, sea expeditions were equipped annually, which made overseas voyages and discovered new lands. Other European states also became interested in overseas countries. In the years, England equipped expeditions led by the Italian navigator John Cabot, who reached the shores of North America in the area of ​​the island of Newfoundland. Great geographical discoveries

Pedro Alvares Cabral In 1500, a Portuguese squadron under the command of Pedro Cabral, heading for India, because of the equatorial current deviated greatly and reached Brazil, which Cabral took for an island. Then he continued his voyage, circled Africa and proceeded through the Mozambique Strait to India. Like previous travelers, Cabral considered the land he discovered in the west as part of Asia. Great geographical discoveries

Alonso de Ojeda On an engraving from the 18th century. The travels of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci were of great importance for understanding the essence of the discovery of Christopher Columbus. In the years he made four voyages to the shores of America, first as part of a Spanish expedition led by Alonso Ojeda, and then under the Portuguese flag. Great geographical discoveries

Amerigo Vespucci Comparing the data obtained, and the Spanish and Portuguese navigators discovered the entire northern coast of South America and its eastern coast up to 25 ° south latitude, Vespucci came to the conclusion that the open lands are not Asia, but a new continent, and proposed to call it the New World ".

John Cabot's research in North America was continued by his son Sebastian Cabot. In years, leading British expeditions, he tried to find the so-called Northwest Passage to India and managed to get out into Hudson Bay. Finding no shortcut to India, England did not show much interest in the open lands overseas. Hudson Bay Great Geographical Discoveries

Fernand Magellan finally confirmed the difference between America and Asia, who carried out the first circumnavigation (), which became practical evidence of the sphericity of the Earth. Fernand Magellan

A ship from the Magellan fleet. Image of 1523 An expedition led by Magellan explored the southeastern part of South America, discovered the strait between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (Strait of Magellan) and sailed through the South Pacific. Great geographical discoveries

Cordoba, Calahorra Tower In the years, the Spanish conquistadors J. Ponce de Leon, F. Cordova, H. Grihalva discovered the entire eastern coast of South and Central America, the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the Florida Peninsula. Great geographical discoveries

Campaign map Expedition to Mexico Great geographical discoveries

California map of the 17th century. The territory is depicted as an island. The search for gold, the mythical country of El Dorado, led the conquistadors far into the interior of the American continent. In the years that passed to the Spanish service Sebastian Cabot, explored the lower course of the Parana River and discovered the lower course of the Paraguay River.

Francisco Orellana sailed across the Amazon from the Andes to the mouth in 1542. By 1552, the Spaniards explored the entire Pacific coast of South America, discovered the largest rivers of the continent (Amazon, Orinoco, Parana, Paraguay), explored the Andes from 10 ° north latitude to 40 ° south latitude. Francisco de Orellana, depicted by the artist of our day.

ERNANDO DE SOTO In the second quarter of the 16th century, French navigators also achieved significant success. G. Verrazano (1524) and J. Cartier () discovered the eastern coast of North America and the St. Lawrence River. In the years, the Spaniards E. Soto and F. Coronado traveled to the Southern Appalachians and the Southern Rocky Mountains, to the basins of the Colorado and Mississippi rivers.

Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev, who discovered the strait between the Asian continent and America. Russian explorers surveyed the northern coast of the Ob, Yenisei and Lena and mapped the contours of the northern coast of Asia. In 1642, Yakutsk was founded, which became the base for expeditions to the Arctic Ocean. Great geographical discoveries

Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev, who discovered the strait between the Asian continent and America. Great geographical discoveries In 1648, Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev (ok) left the Kolyma and bypassed the Chukotka peninsula, proving that the Asian mainland was separated from America by the strait. The outlines of the northeastern coast of Asia were refined and mapped (1667, "Drawing of the Siberian Land").

Cape Dezhnev But Dezhnev's report on the discovery of the strait lay for 80 years in the Yakut archive and was published only in 1758. The strait opened by Dezhnev was named after the Danish navigator in the Russian service Vitus Bering, who in 1728 reopened the strait. In 1898, in memory of Dezhnev, a cape of the northeastern tip of Asia was named after him. Great geographical discoveries

Henry Hudson made four expeditions to North America in years. He passed the strait between Labrador and Baffin Land into a vast bay deep in North America. Later, both the strait and the bay were named after the Hudson. A river in the east of North America, at the mouth of which the city of New York later arose, was named after him. The Hudson's fate ended tragically, in the spring of 1611 the mutinous crew of his ship landed him with his teenage son in a boat in the middle of the ocean, where they disappeared without a trace. HENRY GOODSON

In years John Davis spent three voyages in the waters of the North Atlantic, discovered the strait between Greenland and America (Davis Strait), explored the coast of the Labrador Peninsula. John Davis The Great Geographical Discoveries

Portrait of William Baffin by Hendrik van der Borcht William Baffin sailed in the Arctic waters in years: he made expeditions to the shores of Spitsbergen, explored the Hudson Bay and the sea, later named after him, discovered a number of islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, moving along the western coast of Greenland, reaching 78 ° north latitude. Samuel de Champlain In the first quarter of the 17th century. Europeans begin to explore North America. At first, France was the most successful in this region. The first governor of Canada, Samuel Champlain in the years. explored part of the east coast of North America, traveled inland: discovered the Northern Appalachians, climbed up the St. Lawrence River to the Great Lakes and reached Lake Huron. By 1648, the French had discovered all five of the Great Lakes.

At the same time, at the beginning of the 17th century, European navigators penetrated the most distant part of the world from Europe, the regions located south of Southeast Asia. The Spaniard Luis Torres in 1606 discovered the southern coast of New Guinea and passed the strait dividing Asia and Australia (Torres Strait). Torres Strait Map Great Geographical Discoveries

Abel Janszon Tasman In the years. Dutchman Abel Tasman discovered Tasmania, New Zealand, Fiji, part of the coast of Northern and Western Australia. Tasman identified Australia as a single land mass and called it New Holland. But Holland did not have enough resources, to develop a new continent, and a century later it had to be rediscovered. Great geographical discoveries