Map of yanao with cities detailed. Yamal Peninsula (23 photos)

There is simply no unified road network in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The development of the okrug took place in a localized manner, therefore, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the map of Russia, the roads are also concentrated in separate “centers”. Most of the roads available are seasonal and unpaved. Winter roads are not always open for road transport even in winter.

The scheme of road and railway tracks in reality and on the satellite map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is gradually changing. A plan is being implemented in the region to create a network of all-season hard-surface roads (asphalt, concrete). Among other things, it is planned to lay routes that will connect the polar regions of the Okrug with the “mainland”.

The Yamal Railway Company is developing the railway network, the main shareholders of which are the administration of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Sevtyumentransput and the Sverdlovsk railway.

Partially completed railways:

• the line from Obskaya to Nadym through Salekhard;
• line Korotchaevo - Igarka;
• line Polunochnaya - Obskaya-2.

Parts of all lines are in operation, all three are in need of completion and partial restoration. The completion of the railway to Obskaya-2 has been suspended due to insufficient confidence in the feasibility of laying.

Large cities and towns of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

On the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with districts, one can count one and a half dozen settlements with a population of over 5000 people and seven municipal districts. The population of Salekhard, the administrative center, does not reach 50 thousand people. In two cities of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the population is twice as large: in Noyabrsk (about 107 thousand people) and Novy Urengoy (about 115 thousand people).

There is a district in the arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. It is called YANAO. It belongs to one of the regions of the Far North. It is located at this time on the eastern slope of the Ural ridge, beyond the Arctic Circle.

This constituent entity of the Russian Federation is now located on the territory of the Tyumen region. The administrative, regional center of the district is Salekhard. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Autonomous Okrug is 800,000 kilometers. It is several times larger than the entire territory of Spain or France. The Yamal Peninsula is the most extreme continental point, its location is reflected on the map of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and towns.

The border is clearly marked on the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it passes next to Ugra - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic, the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Washed by the waters of the Kara Sea.

The climate is continental. It is determined by the abundance of lakes, bays, rivers, the presence of permafrost and the proximity of the cold Kara Sea. Winter lasts quite a long time, more than six months. In summer, strong winds blow, sometimes snow falls.

The region occupies a leading place in Russia in terms of oil, hydrocarbon and natural gas reserves. On the map of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the fields located on the territory of Urengoy, the Nakhodka Peninsula and in the Arctic Circle are marked.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is an integral part of the Ural Federal District of the Russian Federation. It is part of the Tyumen region. Neighbors with the Komi Republic, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The territory of the region is 769,250 square kilometers. The population is 546 170 people. Of these: 58.9 percent are Russians; 13.03 - Ukrainians; 5.47 percent are Tatars; 5.21 percent are the Nenets. Urban residents - 84.9 percent. The district consists of seven districts. The administrative center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is the city of Salekhard.

The Yamal-Nenets National District was formed in December 1930 as part of the Ural Region. Later it was a part of the Obsko-Irtysh and Omsk regions. Included in Tyumenskaya in August 944. The region received its modern name and the status of an autonomous okrug in 1977. Since 1992 - a full-fledged constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The location of the Autonomous Okrug is the center of the Far North of Russia, the arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. From the northernmost mainland point of the region to the Arctic Circle - eight hundred kilometers. Most of the district's territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. The Yamal Peninsula is located on the territory of this region. The relief is flat. Forest-tundra with numerous lakes and bogs, tundra and mountainous part. The height of the mountain range located in the west of the Autonomous Okrug is one and a half thousand meters. The region's water resources are rich and varied. The coast of the Kara Sea, numerous rivers (48 thousand), swamps, lakes (about 300 thousand), bays (including one of the largest in the Russian Arctic). The largest rivers: Ob, Pur, Taz, Nadym. On the territory of the district there are large reserves of artesian underground waters, including thermal ones. The Yellow Pages will tell you that this region is the leader in oil and natural gas reserves. It is on its territory that the most famous fields are located: Urengoyskoye and Nakhodkinskoye gas, Ety-Purovskoye oil, Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas, Yamburgskoye oil and gas condensate.

Our Internet reference book SPR (http://www.spr.ru) will provide you with information on the basis of the economy of the Yamal-Nenets region - oil and gas production. OJSC Gazprom is the main producer of blue gold. More than thirty enterprises, whose addresses and phone numbers are included in our unique catalog of organizations, are producing gas condensate and oil. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also amazing for its reindeer transport developed in remote areas. Fur trade, animal husbandry and reindeer husbandry are flourishing in the region.

A new gas production center is being actively formed on the Yamal Peninsula, which in the future will become one of the main centers for the development of the Russian gas industry. Yamal will produce up to 360 billion cubic meters. m of blue fuel per year.

place of Birth

trillion m 3 of gas

billion tons of gas condensate

million tons of oil

place of Birth

trillion m 3 of gas

billion tons of gas condensate

million tons of oil

• Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye stable condensate per year.

• Tambey industrial zone

  Consists of six fields: North-Tambeyskoye, Zapadno-Tambeyskoye, Tasiyskoye, Malyginskoye (licenses are held by the Gazprom Group), Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye and Syadorskoye.

• Southern industrial zone

  It includes nine fields: Novoportovskoye (the license belongs to the Gazprom Group), Nurminskoye, Malo-Yamalskoye, Rostovtsevskoye, Arkticheskoye, Sredne-Yamalskoye, Khambateyskoye, Neitinskoye, Kamennomysskoye. The zone is considered as a priority oil production facility with a maximum annual level of 7 million tons.

• A new generation gas transmission corridor from the Bovanenkovskoye field to Ukhta has been created for a unified gas supply system for Russia. Year-round oil export is carried out through the Arctic Gates offshore oil terminal.

• Infrastructure

  A full-fledged system of industrial and life support has been formed: highways, power plants, a rotational camp, industrial bases, the Obskaya - Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Karskaya railway with a length of 572 km, an airport.

The number of deposits is 32.

Total reserves and resources of all fields on the Yamal Peninsula: 26.5 trillion cubic meters m of gas, 1.6 billion tons of gas condensate, 300 million tons of oil.

Video about the Yamal megaproject, 3 minutes

Production in Yamal:

In 2018 - 87.4 billion cubic meters. m of gas.

In the future - up to 360 billion cubic meters. meters of gas per year.

Megaproject structure

Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200bindustrial zone

It has the main production potential and includes three fields - Bovanenkovskoye, Kharasaveyskoye, Kruzenshternskoye (licenses held by the Gazprom Group). Gross production here is estimated at 217 billion cubic meters. meters of gas and 4 million tons of stable condensate per year.

Tambey industrial zone

Consists of six fields: North-Tambeyskoye, Zapadno-Tambeyskoye, Tasiyskoye, Malyginskoye (licenses are held by the Gazprom Group), Yuzhno-Tambeyskoye and Syadorskoye.

Southern industrial zone

It includes nine fields: Novoportovskoye (the license belongs to the Gazprom Group), Nurminskoye, Malo-Yamalskoye, Rostovtsevskoye, Arkticheskoye, Sredne-Yamalskoye, Khambateyskoye, Neitinskoye, Kamennomysskoye. The zone is considered as a priority oil production facility with a maximum annual level of 7 million tons.

Hydrocarbon transportation system

To transfer gas from the Yamal Peninsula to the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia, a new generation gas transmission corridor has been created from the Bovanenkovskoye field to Ukhta. Year-round oil export is carried out through the Arctic Gates offshore oil terminal.

Infrastructure

A full-fledged system of industrial and life support has been formed: highways, power plants, a rotational camp, industrial bases, the Obskaya - Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Karskaya railway with a length of 572 km, an airport.

Implementation of the project

The largest Yamal field in terms of proven gas reserves is Bovanenkovskoye. The primary development target is the Cenomanian-Aptian deposits. In 2012, the first gas facility (GP-2) was commissioned at the field, the second (GP-1) in 2014, and the third (GP-3) in 2018. The total design capacity of the three fields is 115 billion cubic meters. meters of gas per year. In the future, with the commissioning of the Neocomian-Jurassic deposits, the design capacity of the Bovanenkovskoye field will increase to 140 billion cubic meters. meters of gas per year.

In 2012, the Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Ukhta gas trunkline was commissioned, and at the beginning of 2017, the Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Ukhta - 2 gas pipeline.

In 2016, the Novoportovskoye oil field and the Arctic Gate offshore oil terminal were brought into commercial operation.

The President of Russia launched the shipment of the first tanker with oil through the "Gates of the Arctic", 6 minutes (Russia 24)

Advanced technical solutions

Overcoming the harsh natural and climatic conditions of Yamal, Gazprom made the peninsula a springboard for the use of highly efficient, safe, innovative technologies and technical solutions.

Megaproject "Yamal" has no analogues in terms of complexity. Hydrocarbons are concentrated in a remote area with extremely harsh climatic conditions. The peninsula is characterized by the presence of permafrost, a long winter period and low temperatures (down to −50 ° C). In summer, 80% of the Yamal territory is covered with lakes, swamps and rivers, which significantly limits the areas where industrial facilities can be reliably located. Gazprom has applied highly efficient, safe and innovative technologies and technical solutions on the peninsula. Many of them, ordered by the company, were developed specifically for Yamal by leading Russian scientific institutes and domestic enterprises.

Mining technologies

At the Bovanenkovskoye field, for the first time in Russia, a unified production infrastructure is used to extract gas from Cenomanian (depth 520-700 m) and Aptian-Albian (depth 1200-2000 m) deposits. This approach provides significant savings in construction costs, reduces construction time and increases the efficiency of field operation.

Field development began with lower gas reservoirs with higher reservoir pressure. As the pressure is equalized, the deposits located above are brought into development. The low-pressure Cenomanian reservoir is put into development last to compensate for the natural decline in gas production from the Aptian deposits. Accordingly, separate groups of production wells are created for different deposits, which are gradually connected to a single gas gathering network.

Difficult landscape conditions predetermined the need to update the regulatory framework for well construction design. The new standards made it possible to bring wellheads closer together in a cluster from 40 m to 15-20 m, to minimize the allotment areas and the volume of engineering preparation of territories for well clusters, access roads and other communications, and at the same time ensure the required level of industrial safety.

The fields of the Bovanenkovskoye field have achieved a high level of automation of technological processes using sparsely populated technologies. In particular, for the first time Gazprom introduced into operation automated well connection modules (MOS-2), designed to control and manage Christmas trees and ensure reliable operation of wells in conditions of hydrate formation.

Preparation of produced gas for transportation is carried out by the most modern and environmentally friendly method of low-temperature separation using domestic turbo expanders.

Transportation technologies

Yamal gas is transported to the Unified Gas Supply System of Russia via new generation gas pipelines at a pressure of 11.8 MPa (120 atm.). A record pressure for onshore gas pipelines was achieved primarily due to the use of domestic pipes with a diameter of 1,420 mm, made of steel grade K65 (X80) with an inner smooth coating, developed by Gazprom's order.

The most technically challenging section in the construction of the gas transportation system was the underwater crossing through the Baydaratskaya Bay. It is distinguished by special natural and climatic conditions: at a shallow depth, it is characterized by frequent stormy weather, complex bottom sediments and freezing to the bottom in winter. Here they used concrete pipes with a diameter of 1219 mm, designed for a pressure of 11.8 MPa. The laying of a gas pipeline in such difficult natural conditions and with such technical parameters became the first such construction experience not only in Russia, but also in world practice.

The Arctic Gate offshore oil terminal located in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Gulf of Ob is also a unique structure. The terminal is designed to work in extreme conditions: the temperature in the region drops even below -50 ° C, the ice thickness can exceed two meters. It has a two-level protection system and meets the most stringent requirements in the field of industrial safety and environmental protection. The terminal equipment is fully automated and reliably protected from water hammer. A special system allows instant disconnection of the terminal and the tanker, while maintaining the tightness of the disconnected elements. The "zero discharge" technology excludes the ingress of any foreign substances into the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Ob Bay, which is extremely important for preserving the ecology of the Arctic. In addition, the subsea pipeline connecting the terminal to the offshore tank farm is protected by an additional concrete shell.

Infrastructure technologies

The Obskaya - Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Karskaya railroad (572 km), specially built by Gazprom, provides a reliable all-weather connection between the Yamal Peninsula and the mainland and year-round freight and passenger transportation. There are no analogues of this railway in the world, taking into account the climatic conditions in which it has to function.

To preserve the bearing capacity of the permafrost, the construction of the main facilities was carried out only at subzero temperatures. The railroad embankment was built of wet dusty sand, which acquires the necessary strength under the influence of low temperatures. To ensure the stability of the roadbed structure in the summer months, a unique layer-by-layer thermal insulation system was developed and applied (expanded polystyrene was laid over the frozen sand, geotextile clips were built).

The bridge crossing over the floodplain of the Yuribey River has become the most difficult section of the railway. It has no analogues in the practice of bridge building both in terms of design features and climatic and geocryological conditions of construction and operation, and is the longest bridge in the world beyond the Arctic Circle (length 3.9 km).

The bridge was erected on a ground practically unsuitable for construction - it is permafrost interspersed with cryopegs (salt and dust solutions that are in the permafrost and do not freeze even at negative temperatures from -10 to -30 ° C). The spans and girders of the bridge are mounted on supports made of metal pipes with a diameter of 1.2 to 2.4 meters, filled with reinforced concrete. The supports go into the permafrost to a depth of 20 to 40 meters. Thanks to modern technologies and special freezing (thermal stabilization), the supports literally freeze with ice (permafrost), which provides the bridge with additional stability.

Caring for nature

When constructing facilities, Gazprom is primarily concerned with preserving the unique Yamal nature. The smallest possible area is allocated for technological objects, and vapor-liquid heat stabilizers and heat-insulated pipes for wells significantly reduce the impact on permafrost. Closed water supply systems exclude pollution of water bodies and soil. Constant environmental monitoring is carried out.

During the construction of gas wells, a technological scheme for processing drilling waste by solidification to obtain building material was implemented. The technology is based on the method of encapsulating drill cuttings on a specialized mixing plant. Building encapsulated material is used in the construction of facilities at the Bovanenkovskoye field, namely, for filling pads, forming and maintaining the embankment of road slopes.

The Yamal deposits are located in the original territory of nomadic reindeer herders, therefore Gazprom conducts production activities taking into account the interests of the tundra residents. The company pays great attention to the organization and conduct of events that contribute to the socio-economic development and preservation of the traditional culture of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. In particular, the sites for reindeer herding brigades and the paths for reindeer touching have been determined, where special crossings for reindeer through engineering communications have been built.

A program is being implemented to increase the population of northern commercial fish.

Alexey Miller, Chairman of the Gazprom Management Committee: “No country in the world has created anything like this in the Arctic. This is an unprecedented project in the history of the global gas industry. By creating a fundamentally new gas production center

So, the Yamal Peninsula, endless snowy desert, border zone,
the largest gas production region ... and the incredible beauty of the North.
Read the full description further ...

Many people go to these lands for the very fact - we were in Salekhard. And they call it a beautiful expedition.
What is true is true, there are no roads in the conventional sense here.
In winter there are winter roads. They are made right along the river beds, along the tributaries of the Ob, in the taiga.
Dozens of ice crossings, villages where access in summer is only by water, remote places ...
But now I want to tell you about the Yamal Peninsula.
The road, or rather the winter road, goes to it from the Labytnanga side, from the Obskaya station.
And so it goes all 550 km along the Obskaya-Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200brailway line - the northernmost railway in the world.


At first, there is still forest-tundra around, there are still rare larch trees.
In the distance you can see the spurs of the Polar Urals.


But soon there are fewer and fewer trees, the last bush disappears.
Ahead of us are seven days of tundra.


The first couple of hundred kilometers the road is filled up, we drive for pleasure, take pictures.


The road is alive.
Dozens of heavy trucks are driving to Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200b- Gazprom's main perspective today.


Since 1986, a railway has been built in Bovanenkovo.
It is a difficult and challenging task to build it in permafrost conditions.
But the trains run.


But they do not go as far as Bovanenkovo \u200b\u200bitself, so that the official press releases of Gazprom do not say there.
The road has not been completed for almost 30 km.
The work of ordinary drivers is still in demand.
This is how we move with our fellow travelers in the tundra.


This winter road was serviced literally a year ago. He was needed.
Now almost all cargoes go by piece of iron.
And they abandoned the winter road.


As soon as the dumping ends, just the tundra begins.
Just a track, hundreds of kilometers of track in the tundra.


A little slope and there is a chance to turn over a 20-ton length.


Someone else can be pulled out, they do it.
Only two people can drag the cable.


We are guests here.
Many cars stop, curious. They say Bovanenkovo, Kharasavey? We won't get there.
Taking pictures for memory. There are no cars here.
But we're moving on.


Here the citizens asked if there was a spike on the wheels of trucks, why they didn’t ride with chains, etc.
Friends, these are the harsh everyday life of Yamal. Here people live in inhuman conditions for months.
These are not the Alps or winter roads where you saw puzoterki.
The technique is appropriate here. Only all-wheel drive Urals with all locks and KAMAZ trucks on wheels with a height of one and a half meters and with automatic pumping.
There is nothing else, only all-terrain vehicles.
I'm not sure that many have seen such machines in principle.
The winter road is trampled right in the tundra, on virgin soil. Try to drive like this for at least a kilometer. And 100 km, and 500? Where can you get diesel fuel, heat, food?
Here the word spike or chains sounds at least ridiculous. No Rubilov, everything is clear and measured. You can't sit here. Drive slowly, but drive.
And it's good if the average speed is at least 10 km / h.


Those who are not prepared or cannot move end up like this.


There is no need for frivolity. Everything is simple and specific.


We make our way with difficulty. We make a lot of mistakes.
We watch how the Urals go, we study. The technique of driving on the tundra is fundamentally different from how we are used to driving.
And as experience later showed, where the Urals will pass, we will also pass there. With difficulty, but we will pass.


And around the tundra. And an extraordinary sky.
It is difficult to convey this with photography.


It gets dark quickly.
We are looking for a higher place to spend the night so that it will not be covered with snow at night.
We have not turned off the engines for many days.
The car is a home, we sleep, we cook food ... everything is inside. For nothing, that it's still warm outside, -32 in total.


The morning greets us with good weather.
Around the deer. Apparently they strayed from the herd.


Track again.


The railway again.


We still have a lot on the way.
Ahead are numerous Arctic foxes, partridges, foxes, deer, Nenets ... Well, and the seashore. Kara Sea.
Sea-going vessels and shift camps of the North frozen in ice.