Inna Atajanova
Features of outdoor play at different age stages
Relevance.
The formation of children's health, the full development of their body is one of the main problems in modern society. In preschool age, there is an intensive physical development of children, the formation of functional systems of the child's body.
Competently organized physical activity of the child helps to strengthen his health. It is one of the important conditions for proper metabolism, stimulates the development of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, musculoskeletal system, respiratory and digestive organs. Physical activity plays an important role in ensuring full mental development the child, as it stimulates positive emotions, increases the overall vitality of the baby, provides food for a variety of impressions and active cognitive activity.
Essential place in the system physical education preschoolers are occupied with outdoor games, which are widely used in all age groups.
2nd junior group.
When selecting and conducting games, it is important to take into account the previous type of activity, children learn new games better if, before playing, they looked at a picture, repeated a poem or constructed, since the children are not tired and will be able to perceive a new motor task. After difficult activities that require the child's increased attention, concentration, development of mathematical concepts, it is better not to offer the kids new games, but to repeat the familiar ones.
At this age, games appear tasks related to memorizing objects, shapes, distinguishing primary colors, sounds ("Find your color", "Run to the flag", most games have detailed plots and conditioned roles ("Cat and mice", " Train ") the name of the game, as a rule, determines the game behavior. At this age, the child can already assume the main role. The upbringing and educational side of n / games is enhanced if, when repeated, they slightly change (not pass, but run) or become more complicated. At this age, the explanation of the game is accompanied by the demonstration of game actions, further explanation of the plot and the rules precede the game.
At this age, it is already necessary to achieve the exact implementation of the rules and conditions of the game.
Middle group.
The motor activity of children of the middle group is largely due to a large stock of skills and abilities, good spatial orientation, the desire to perform movements together, showing endurance and ingenuity. The child is already interested in more complex movements that require dexterity, speed, accuracy. They are happy to compete who will jump next or who will collect more. Complicated interactions in the game where the result depends on the coordination of actions in the game ("Find a pair", "Colored cars", on the ability to quickly and orderly line up in links, taking into account the interest of the comrades.
Most games have detailed plots that determine the content of movements, in many games there is the role of the driver, as a rule, it is one, but if the game becomes more complex, you can introduce a second driver (for example: "A bear in the forest" - two bears).
The explanation of the game should be short, touch only the most important, the poetic text of the game is learned by children right during the game.
IN middle group the educator rarely plays the role of a leader, during the year all children need to be involved in leading roles. At this age, children choose the role of the driver themselves.
It is impossible to give instructions during the game, to achieve accuracy of execution - this reduces the emotional mood of the game, their activity, remarks on violation of the rules are made at the end of the game (for example: you would not have been caught by a bear if you had not pushed the guys).
The rules in games for middle children get more complicated; catch only by touching, caught to move aside. The teacher's attention should be directed not to increasing the number of games, but to repetition and complication of already familiar ones, so that by the end of the year children can organize the game themselves with a small group of peers.
The game is repeated in 2-3 lessons, walks, then after a while we return to it again. With repetition, you can complicate the content and rules of the game, change the organization of children.
Senior group.
In this age group, the content of p / games becomes even more complicated due to the expansion of the children's horizons, new images and plots are included, familiar from books, stories of the educator, film screenings, in which the games reflect different professions ("Firefighters in training", "Hunter and hares ", it becomes possible to choose games with standing long jump, throwing and climbing. plotless games type "Trap", as well as with elements of competition, at the beginning of the year, individual, then in groups.
Responsible roles in the game are performed by the children themselves, the teacher reminds the rules and monitors their implementation, watches how the children perform game movement, gives signals. However, sometimes the participation of a teacher is necessary, he can take on a role and show how to move quickly in order to catch a lot of children, this technique very enlivens the game, promotes an emotional mood.
In the distribution of roles, as a rule, rhymes are used, the educator participates only when it is necessary to create equal links or teams.
Explanation of the game senior group occurs not only during the game, but immediately before the game. The teacher explains the content of the game from start to finish, especially pays attention to the rules.
In the older group, children are already interested not only in the process of the game, but in its result, therefore summing up the results is of great educational value. It is important to fairly note the winners, to explain that even good result if the rules are violated, it will not lead to a win.
Preparatory group.
IN preparatory group children are more independent in organizing n / games. The child knows a large number of games, their content and rules, he imagines their possible motor and emotional saturation. This allows you to choose games according to your interests and desires.
In this group, the importance of games and exercises is especially great for consolidating and improving children's skills in the main types of movements, the development of physical qualities: speed, strength, dexterity. Children begin to act in the most effective ways with maximum mobilization of efforts to achieve a result, showing positive moral and volitional qualities.
The manifestation of physical and moral-volitional qualities is most facilitated by the child's participation in such games, where the overall result is important, which depends on the interaction of the participants in the game. This is especially evident in relay races.
In outdoor games for 7-year-olds, the amusement of the plot is no longer of great importance, the behavior of the children is now regulated by the game rules, which the child is consciously guided by.
Requirements for the exact implementation of the rules contribute to the education of endurance, discipline, and a sense of responsibility. The emotionality of n / games, the interest of children lead to the fact that older preschoolers more and more often organize them themselves, on their own initiative.
Explaining a new game, the teacher makes sure that the children represent its entire course, the nature and methods of actions of the characters, and understand the rules. The initial explanation of the difficult moments of the game may be accompanied by a demonstration. The distribution of roles should be equal in strength, children themselves are beginning to understand the reasonable distribution of forces.
Summing up is very important. The teacher helps children realize how important it is to achieve a positive result according to the rules, and not a result by any means. This prevents possible negative manifestations, reduces excessive excitability, excitement.
In the preparatory group, all children must learn to independently organize and conduct p / games, it is very important to encourage children's play creativity.
Related publications:
Consultation "Guide to the outdoor game" Outdoor games are an excellent means of developing and improving the movements of children, strengthening and hardening their body. Value.
Algorithm of actions of an adult and children at the stages of mastering the design. Specificity of design in different age groups As you know, a project is a goal accepted and mastered by children, relevant for them, it is children's amateur performance, a specific creative activity.
Games and exercises for the development of coherent speech in preschool children at different age stages. Games and exercises for the development of coherent speech in children at different age stages. Preschool age is a period of active learning by a child.
Card file of games and relay races for children of different age groups Children stay on fresh air is of great importance to physical development preschooler. Walk and play are the first and most.
Compiled by:
Khanty - Mansiysk
Card file for outdoor games
Ml. gr
An outdoor game "Run to me".
goal: exercise children to act on a signal, to run in a forward direction simultaneously with the whole group.
Game progress:Children stand on one side of the hall so as not to interfere with each other. The teacher stands on the opposite side. He says: "Run to me, everyone, everyone, run to me!" Children run to the teacher, who greets them warmly, spreading his arms wide to the sides, and pretending that he wants to hug all the children. After the children gather around the teacher, he goes to the other side of the playground and again says: "Run to me!" Before starting the game, the teacher reminds you that you can run only after the words “Run to me!”, You cannot push and interfere with each other.
Those who want to play can be divided into two small groups: while one group is playing, the other is watching, then they change roles.
An outdoor game "Birds".
Goal: train children to act on the teacher's signal, run in different directions simultaneously with the whole group, use the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe hall.
Game progress: The teacher explains that children will pretend to be birds preparing to fly to warmer regions. At the sound signal of the teacher, all the children raise their hands (wings to the sides and scatter (fly away) throughout the room. At the signal: "The birds are resting", the children stop and squat.
LI Penzulaeva "Physical education in kindergarten" (second junior group), M., 2009
An outdoor game "Cat and Sparrows" (option 1).
Goal: exercise children to act in accordance with the text of the poem, run in a forward direction with the whole group at the same time, use the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe hall.
Game progress: "Cat" is located on one side of the hall (playground), and children - "sparrows" - on the other. Children - "sparrows" approach the "cat" together with the teacher who says: Kitty, kitten, cat, Kitty - a little black tail, he lies on a log, pretended to be asleep. To the words "As if sleeping," the "cat" exclaims: "Meow!" - and begins to catch the "sparrows" who run away from him to their house (beyond the line).
LI Penzulaeva "Physical education in kindergarten" (second junior group), M., 2009
An mobile game "Cat and Sparrows" (option 2).
Goal: train children to jump from a height.
Game progress:Children stand on benches, on large blocks laid on the floor on one side of the playground. These are the sparrows on the roof. A cat (teacher or one of the children) is sitting on the side. The cat is sleeping. "The sparrows flew," says the teacher. Sparrows jump from the roof, spreading their wings, scatter in all directions. But then the cat wakes up. He says "meow meow" and runs to catch the sparrows that are hiding on the roof. The cat takes the caught sparrows to his house.
Directions.Make sure that children land softly, jump on their toes and bend their knees.
An outdoor game "Quickly to the house".
Goal: train children to act on the teacher's signal, scatter in different directions, run simultaneously with the whole group, use the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe hall.
Game progress: Children are accommodated in a "house" (on gymnastic benches or high chairs). The teacher invites them to go to the meadow - to admire the flowers, to look at the butterflies - walking scattered, in different directions. At the signal: "Quickly to the house, it is raining!" - kids run to take a place in the "house" (any place).
LI Penzulaeva "Physical education in kindergarten" (second junior group), M., 2009
An outdoor game "Silence".
Goal: train children to walk in a column one at a time.
Game progress: Walking in a column one at a time, bypassing the site behind the teacher and jointly reciting the lines of the poem:
Silence by the pond, the grass does not sway.
Do not make noise, reeds, go to sleep, kids.
At the end of the poem, the children stop, squat, tilt their heads and close their eyes. After a few seconds, the teacher says loudly: "Kva-kva-kva!" - and explains that the frogs woke up the guys, and they woke up, got up and stretched.
LI Penzulaeva "Physical education in kindergarten" (second junior group), M., 2009
An outdoor game "Train".
Goal: train children to walk, run in a column one at a time with a change in pace, act on a signal, find their place in the column.
Game progress:Children are built in a column one by one (without holding on to each other). The first is a steam locomotive, the rest are wagons. The teacher gives a beep and the train begins to move forward, at first slowly, then faster, faster, and finally the children start running. “The train is pulling up to the station,” says the teacher. The children gradually slow down and the train stops. Children go out for a walk: they disperse in the clearing, pick flowers, berries, mushrooms, cones. Hearing the whistle, they again gather in a column, and the movement of the train resumes. ... At first, children are lined up in a convoy in any order, and by the end of the year they get used to remembering their place in the convoy — finding their own carriage. You can change the plot of the game, for example, the train can stop by the river, then the children pretend to be boating, fishing, etc.
TI Osokina "Physical culture in kindergarten" (second junior group)
An outdoor game "Monkeys".
Goal: exercise children to climb a gymnastic wall.
Game progress:The teacher offers the children one or two to approach the gymnastic wall, stand facing it and climb up to 3-4 slats. These are monkeys. The rest of the children sit or stand and watch the monkeys pick fruit from the trees. Then other monkeys climb the trees.
Directions.When the children learn to confidently climb the ladder and descend from it, it is necessary to complicate the task by inviting them to move from span to span of the wall - from tree to tree.
TI Osokina "Physical culture in kindergarten" (second junior group)
An outdoor game "Bubble".
Goal: exercise children to stand in a circle, act in accordance with the text of the poem, use the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe hall.
Game progress: Children, together with the teacher, hold hands and form a small circle, becoming tightly to each other. To the words: "Blow up, bubble, blow up big, stay like this, but don't burst!" children move back, holding hands until the teacher says: "The bubble burst!". At this signal, the kids lower their hands and squat down, saying: "Clap!" You can after the words "Bubble burst!" invite children, without tearing their hands, to move to the center of the circle, while saying "shhhh" (air comes out). Then "inflate the bubble" again.
TI Osokina "Physical culture in kindergarten" (second junior group)
Outdoor game "Horses"
Tasks: To develop in children the ability to act on a signal, coordinate movements with each other, exercise in running, walking.
Description: Children are divided into 2 equal groups. One group depicts grooms, the other - horses. A stable is drawn on one side. On the other - a room for grooms, between them a meadow. The teacher says: "Grooms, get up quickly, harness the horses!" Grooms with reins in their hands, run to the stable and harness the horses. When all horses are harnessed, they line up one after the other and, as instructed by the teacher, walk or run. According to the teacher's words, "We've arrived!" the grooms stop the horses. The teacher says "Go to rest!" The grooms unharness the horses and let them graze in the meadow. They themselves return to their places to rest. Horses calmly walk around the site, graze, nibble the grass. At the signal of the teacher "Grooms, harness the horses!" the groom catches his horse, which is running away from him. When all the horses are caught and harnessed, everyone line up one after the other. After 2-3 repetitions, the teacher says: "Take the horses to the stable!" The grooms take the horses to the stable, unharness them and give the reins to the teacher.
Rules:
The players change their movements at the signal of the teacher. At the signal "Go to rest", the grooms return to their places.
Options : Include walking on the bridge - a board laid horizontally or tilted, suggest different travel goals.
Outdoor game "Rabbits"
Tasks: To develop in children the ability to move in a team, to find their place on the site. Exercise in crawling, running, jumping on 2 legs.
Description: On one side of the site, circles are drawn - rabbit cages. Chairs are placed in front of them, hoops are vertically tied to them or a cord is pulled. A chair is placed on the opposite side - the watchman's house. Between the house and the rabbits' cages there is a meadow. The teacher divides the children into small groups of 3-4 people. Each group is drawn into a circle. "Rabbits are in cages!" - says the teacher. Children squat down - they are rabbits in cages. The teacher takes turns approaching the cages and releases the rabbits onto the grass. The rabbits crawl into the hoop and start running and jumping. The teacher says "Run to the cages!" The rabbits run home and return to their cage, crawling back into the hoop. Then the watchman releases them again.
Rules:
The rabbits do not run out until the guard opens the cages.
The rabbits return after the teacher's signal "Hurry to the cages!"
Options : Place a bench or a chair in each cage according to the number of rabbits.
Outdoor game "Airplanes"
Tasks: To develop children's orientation in space, to consolidate the skill of building in a column. Exercise while running.
Description: Children are built in 3-4 columns in different places sites that are marked with flags. The players portray pilots on airplanes. They are preparing to fly. At the signal of the teacher "Prepare for flight!" children circle their arms bent at the elbows - start the engine. "Fly!" - says the teacher. Children raise their arms to the sides and fly scatteringly in different directions. At the signal of the teacher "Landing!" - the planes find their places and land, line up in columns and go down on one knee. The teacher notes which column was built first.
Rules:
Players should fly out after the teacher's signal “Fly!”.
At the signal of the teacher "Landing!" - the players must return to their columns, to the places where their sign is laid out (the flag is checked).
Options : While the planes are flying, swap the flags, carry them to the opposite side. Change the leaders in the columns.
Outdoor game "Find the ball"
Goal: To develop observation, dexterity in children.
Description: All players stand in a circle close, facing the center. One player stands in the center, this is the speaker. The players keep their hands behind their backs. One is given a ball in his hands. Children start passing the ball to each other behind their backs. The driver tries to guess who has the ball. He can ask each of the players to show their hands by saying “hands”. The player extends both hands forward, palms up. The one who has the ball or who dropped it, stands in the middle, and the driver in his place.
Rules: The ball is passed in any direction. The ball is passed only to the neighbor. You cannot pass the ball to a neighbor after the driver has asked to show his hands.
Options: Introduce two balls into the game. Increase the number of drivers. The one who has the ball is given a task: to jump, dance, etc.
Outdoor game "Two frosts"
Goal: To develop in children inhibition, the ability to act on a signal (by word). Exercise in running with dodging catch. Promote the development of speech.
Description: On opposite sides of the site, two houses are marked with lines. The players are located on one side of the court. The teacher selects two drivers, who stand in the middle of the area between the houses, facing the children. They are Frost Red Nose and Frost Blue Nose. At the signal from the teacher “Start”, both Frosts say: “We are two young brothers, two frosts are daring. I am Frost Red Nose. I am Frost Blue Nose. Which of you dares to embark on a path-path? " All the players answer: "We are not afraid of threats and we are not afraid of frost" and run into the house on the opposite side of the site, and Frosts are trying to freeze them, that is. touch with your hand. The frozen ones stop where the frost has captured them and so they stand until the end of the dash of everyone else. The frozen ones are counted, after which they join the players.
rules: Players can run out of the house only after the word "frost". Who will run out earlier and who will stay in the house are considered frozen. The one touched by Frost immediately stops. You can only run forward, not backward or out of bounds.
Options: Behind one line are the children of Blue Frost, behind the other the children of Red. On the signal "blue", blue run, and Red Frost catches and vice versa. Who will catch more.
Outdoor game "Carousel"
goal: To develop in children the rhythm of movements and the ability to coordinate them with words. Exercise in running, walking in a circle and building in a circle.
Description: The players form a circle. The teacher gives the children a cord, the ends of which are tied. Children, holding the cord with their right hand, turn to the left and say a poem: “Barely, barely, barely, barely, the carousel spun. And then around, around, all running, running, running. " In accordance with the text of the poem, the children walk in a circle, at first slowly, then faster, then they run. During the run, the teacher says: "Be-zha-li". Children run 2 times in a circle, the teacher changes the direction of movement, saying: "Turn". The players turn in a circle, quickly grabbing the cord with their left hand and run to the other side. Then the teacher continues with the children: “Hush, hush, don't write off, stop the carousel. One, two, one, two, the game is over! " The carousel movements are getting slower. At the words “the game is over,” the children lower the cord to the ground and disperse.
Rules: You can only take a seat on the carousel upon a call. Those who do not have time to take a seat before the third bell does not take part in the skating. Movements must be made according to the text, observing the rhythm.
Options: Everyone should take their place. Put the cord on the floor, running in a circle after him.
Outdoor game "Mousetrap"
Goal: To develop in children endurance, the ability to coordinate movements with words, dexterity. Exercise in running and squatting, building in a circle and walking in a circle. Promote the development of speech.
Description: The players are divided into two unequal groups. The smaller one forms a circle - "mousetrap", the other "mice" - they are outside the circle. The players, depicting a mousetrap, join hands and begin to walk in a circle, saying: “Oh, how tired the mice are, they gnawed everything, ate everything. Beware, cheats, we will get to you. We will put mousetraps for you, we will catch everyone now. " Children stop and raise their clasped hands up, forming a gate. Mice run into and out of a mousetrap. According to the teacher's word: "clap", children standing in a circle, lower their hands and squat - the mousetrap slammed shut. Players who did not manage to run out of the circle are considered caught. Trapped mice move into a circle and increase the size of the mousetrap. When most of mice are caught, children switch roles.
Rules: Lower the clasped hands on the word "clap". After the mousetrap has slammed shut, you cannot crawl under the arms
Options: If there are many children in the group, then you can organize two mousetraps and the children will run in two.
Game progress.
Hares sit in their "burrows" located on the opposite side of the site. "Hunters" go around the site and pretend to be looking for "hares", then go to their places, hiding behind the "trees" (chairs, bench).
In the words of the teacher:
Bunny jump-jump. jumping gallop
Into the green forest
"Hares" go to the site and jump. On the word "Hunter!" "Hares" run to their "burrows", one of the "hunters" aims the ball at their feet and whoever gets hit, he takes with him. The "hares" again go out into the forest and the "hunter" once again hunts them, but throws the ball with his second hand. When the game is repeated, new "hunters" are chosen.
Instructions for the game. Make sure that the "hunter" throws the ball with both his right and left hand. "Hunters" throw the ball only at the feet of the "hares". The ball is lifted by the one who threw it.
Outdoor game "Water"
Goal: cultivate a friendly relationship between children.
The driver sits in a circle with his eyes closed. The players move in a circle with the words:
Grandpa Water,
What are you sitting underwater?
Look out for a little bit
For one minute.
The circle stops. The merman gets up and with closed eyes approaches one of the players. His task is to determine who is in front of him. The merman can touch the player standing in front of him, but his eyes cannot be opened. If Vodyanoy guesses the player's name, then they switch roles and the game continues.
Outdoor game "Cosmonauts"
Goal: To develop children's attention, dexterity, imagination. Exercise in quick orientation in space.
The outlines of the missiles are drawn along the edges of the site. The total number of rockets should be less than the number of children playing. In the middle of the platform, the cosmonauts, holding hands, walk in a circle, saying:
Fast rockets are waiting for us.
For planetary walks. But the game has one secret:
For whatever we want, there is no place for latecomers.
With the last words, the children let go of their hands and run to take seats in the rocket. Those who did not have enough space in the rockets remain at the cosmodrome, and those who sit in the rockets take turns telling where they fly and what they see. After that, everyone again stands in a circle, and the game is repeated. During the flight, instead of telling about what they saw, children are encouraged to perform various exercises, tasks related to going into space, etc.
Outdoor game "Airplanes"
Objectives: teach children to run slowly, keep their back and head straight while running, keep the distance between each other, develop orientation in space.
Option I: children run around the playground, imitating airplanes (arms out to the sides). Airplanes must not collide or break wings. The victims of the accident approach the caregiver. After repair, they are sent back to flight. The game lasts 2-3 minutes.
Option II: children are placed around the teacher in one corner of the site and squat down. These are the airplanes at the airfield. At the signal of the teacher, the planes fly one after the other and fly (slowly) in any direction, trying not to touch each other with their wings (arms outstretched to the sides). On a signal, the planes come in and take a seat at the airfield. At the end of the game, the best ones who have flown without crashes are marked. The game is repeated 3-4 times.
Outdoor game "Who has the ball"
Objectives: learn to keep your back straight, strengthen your back muscles, exercise the transfer of the ball.
Children form a circle. They choose the driver (stands in the center of the circle), the rest move tightly to each other. Children pass the ball in a circle behind their backs. The driver tries to guess who has the ball, he says "Hands!" and the person to whom they are addressing must show both hands, palms up. If the driver guesses correctly, he takes the ball and stands in a circle.
Outdoor game "Owl"
Objectives: development of attention, reaction to verbal command and voluntary regulation of behavior.
An owl's nest is indicated on the site. The rest are mice, bugs, butterflies. At the signal "Day!" - everyone walks and runs. After a while, the signal "Night!" and everyone freezes, remaining in the position in which the team found them. The little owl wakes up, flies out of the nest and the one who moves takes him to his nest.
Outdoor game "Paints"
Goal: teach children to run, trying not to catch up, to jump on one leg, landing on the toe with a bent leg. Develop dexterity, speed of movement, ability to change direction while running.
Game progress:
Game participants choose a host and two buyers. The rest of the players are paints. Each paint comes up with a color and quietly calls it to the owner. When all the paints have chosen a color for themselves and named the owner, he invites one of the buyers. The buyer knocks:
Knock! Knock!
Buyer.
Why did you come?
Behind the paint.
For what?
For blue.
If there is no blue paint, the owner says: "Go along the blue path, find blue boots, diarrhea and bring them back!" if the buyer guessed the color of the paint, he takes the paint for himself. There is a second buyer, the conversation with the owner is repeated. And so they come up one by one and sort the paints. The buyer who has collected more paint wins. The owner can come up with a task more difficult task, for example: ride on one leg on the red carpet.
Option 2:
The conversation is repeated if the buyer guessed the paint; the seller says how much it costs and the buyer slaps the seller on his outstretched palm so many times. With the last clap, the child depicting paint runs away and the buyer catches up with him and, having caught him, takes him to the appointed place.
Mobile group "Sovushka"
Goal: teach children to act on a signal, run, scatteringly imitating birds, maintain a motionless posture. Develop balance.
Game progress:
All playing birds, one child - an owl, which is located in the side of the site. At the signal "day" the birds fly away, flap their wings, peck at the grains. At the signal "night", everyone stops and stands motionless. An owl flies out, looks out for those who move and takes them to the nest. after 15-20 sec. Again the signal "day" is given, the owl flies to the nest, children - birds fly around the site.
Option 2:
Two owls are chosen. Take interesting poses.
Mobile group "Pyatnashki"
Goal: teach children to run scattered around the site, with acceleration, to consolidate the ability to act on a signal. Develop dexterity, speed.
Game progress:
The driver is selected, who receives a colored bandage and stands in the center of the site. After the signal: "Catch!" - all the children scatter around the playground, and the driver tries to catch up with one of the players and beat him down. The one whom the driver assaulted moves aside. After 2-3 repetitions, Lovishka changes.
Option 2:
You can't stain someone who managed to stand on one leg.
An outdoor game "Zhmurki"
Goal: teach children to run scattered around the site, move blindfolded, listening to warning signals. Develop the ability to quickly move around the hall, dexterity, speed of action.
Game progress:
The driver is chosen - blind man's buff. He stands in the middle of the room, they blindfold him, turn him several times around him. Then all the children scatter around the room, and Lovishka tries to catch someone. At the sight of any danger to blind man's buff, children should be warned with the word "Fire!" Having caught someone, the blind man's buff passes his role to the caught one.
Option 2:
If the game takes place on the street, then a border is drawn beyond which the players have no right to run. The one who crossed the agreed border is considered burnt out and is obliged to replace the blind man's buff.
Game progress.
Children stand in a circle, the distance between them should be at least 1-2 steps. There are two drivers behind the circle. One of them runs away, the other tries to catch up with him. The fleeing child, fleeing the catching one, stands in front of some child. If he ran into a circle and stood up until he was stained, he could no longer be salted. Now the child who was the second should run away. If Lovishka managed to touch the evader, then they change roles.
Run only outside the circle, do not cross it, do not grab onto the children standing in the circle, do not run too long so that everyone can join the game.
Option 2:
You can stand in pairs in a circle, then the game will be called "The third extra".
Outdoor game "Rope"
Goal: teach children to run fast, trying to pull the rope. To develop quickness, dexterity.
Game progress:
A rope 1m long is placed on the floor. flags are placed at a distance of 5-6 m from its ends. Two children stand at the ends of the rope facing their flags. At the signal: "One, two, three, run," the children run each to their own flag, run around it, return and pull the end of the rope. The winner is the one who managed to do it first.
Option 2:
A skipping rope is placed under two chairs with backs facing each other, children sit on chairs while music is playing, children run around the chairs, as soon as the music stops, children should sit on their chair and grab the end of the rope by the one who made the first winner.
Outdoor game "Do not step"
Goal: teach children to jump over the stick sideways to the right, left. Develop a sense of rhythm, alternating jumps from right to left, attention, dexterity. Strengthen the leg muscles.
Game progress:
A subgroup of children each put a 40 cm long stick on the ground and stand on their right. At the expense of the teacher and the rest of the children, they jump, shifting their legs to the right and left of the stick. The one who made a mistake - jumped not exactly counting, stepped on a stick, leaves the game.
Complication: jump alternately with each foot forward, backward.
Outdoor game "Sideways"
Goal: teach children to jump, keeping their distance sideways, landing on socks with half-bent knees. Strengthen the leg muscles.
Game progress:
Children stand in a column at a distance of two steps from each other. At the signal of the teacher, the children jump sideways all in one direction. Will the column survive?
Option 2:
Standing in a column, they are calculated for the first second. On a signal, the first numbers jump sideways to the right, the second to the left.
Mobile game "Stop"
Goal: teach children to throw the ball against the wall so that it touches the wall and bounces off it. Catch the ball on the fly with both hands, throw the ball, trying to tarnish the players. To develop an eye, dexterity, speed of reaction.
Game progress:
Children stand in front of the wall at a distance of 4-5 steps. The driver throws the ball into the wall so that it touches the wall, bounces off it. Throwing the ball, the driver calls the one he assigns to catch it. The latter quickly catches the ball on the fly or picks it up from the floor. If he catches the ball, he immediately throws it against the wall and calls the new one to catch it, if he picks it up from the ground, then, taking it, shouts “Stop!” and when everyone stops, it stains, not leaving the place of the nearest child. He, in turn, takes quickly takes the ball shouts "Stop1" and spots the other and so on until the first miss. After a miss, everyone goes back to the wall, but the right to throw and appoint who should catch belongs to the one who missed.
When catching the ball, everyone scatters, but as soon as the ball is caught and an exclamation is heard - stop, everyone must stop. The player who is being targeted can dodge, sit down, bend over, jump, but you cannot leave the place.
Outdoor game "Bears"
Goal: teach children to walk on high all fours, race. Develop the muscles of the back, legs, agility.
Game progress:
Children stand on the start line in pairs at the signal, children crawl on high all fours to the finish line.
Children in pairs compete in fast walking on high all fours - like a bear.
Complication:
Crawl across the lawn with climbing over a log.
Outdoor game "Gray duck"
Goal: teach children to move in a circle, at a signal to run from one circle to another, trying not to be caught by the hunter. Develop dexterity, speed of movement, attention.
Game progress:
One of the children is a hunter, the other is a duck, several children are ducklings, the rest, holding hands, form a circle - a pond. In which a duck swims with ducklings. Children go in circles and say:
“Here a gray duck swam on the water,
I called small children to myself,
You ducklings beware
Don't stray far. "
At this time, the duck and ducklings are inside the circle, the hunter is behind the circle. At the last words, the duck stands in front of the ducklings, they follow her in single file. Children lead a round dance in the other direction:
“A dog barked in the reeds,
is there a hunter sitting there in the bushes?
He will catch little kids
Little kids - ducklings. "
The circle splits into several small ones (3-5 children each) - these are bushes in which ducklings are hiding (one or several in each). The hunter counts loudly:
"One two Three!". After that, the ducklings must run from one bush to another. During the dash, the hunter tries to catch them. The duck protects the ducklings: it spreads its arms to the sides, as if flapping its wings, blocking the path of the hunter.
The hunter only catches ducklings; a duckling caught by a hunter stands in a circle representing a bush; after the hunter's count, the ducklings should not remain in the bush where they were hiding, it is imperative to run over to another.
Option 2:
Assign 2-3 hunters.
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
"KINDERGARTEN № 23" BRUSNICHKA "
Card file of outdoor games for all age groups
Compiled by:
Instructor for physical culture Repina E.I.
Khanty - Mansiysk
Card file for outdoor games
Physical education instructor MBDOU
kindergarten number 20 "Kalinka"
Borovskaya S.V.
We, teachers, should lay the initial knowledge and skills of a healthy lifestyle in the preschool age of the child. The child's attitude to his health is the foundation on which the need for a healthy lifestyle can be built.
It is well known that properly organized physical activity is the most important factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle and strengthening of human health, regardless of his age. This is all the more true in relation to children for whom the processes of growth and development are the main ones, and the impact of age-appropriate physical activity is especially significant. The child realizes freedom of action in outdoor games, which are considered as the main means and method of physical education and are a factor in the formation of physical culture.
In the theory and methodology of physical education, the following classification of games is adopted: outdoor games with rules include plot and non-plot games. TO sports games - basketball, badminton, small towns, table tennis, hockey, football, etc. Outdoor games also differ: in the complexity of the movements; by the content of the plot; by the number of rules and roles; by the nature of the relationship between the players; by the presence of competitive elements and verbal support.
In different age groups, the management of children's games has its own characteristics.
Outdoor games for toddlers have a simple storyline (for example, birds fly and return home, cars drive and stop).
In younger groups, the rules are very simple and suggestive, their number is small (1―2), they are related to the plot, and follow from the content of the game. Compliance with the rules is reduced to actions on a signal: on one signal, children run out into the mud at home, on the other - they return to their places. Over time, restrictions on actions are introduced: run away in a certain direction.
With kids younger age the teacher actively plays himself, which gives children special pleasure, gives them an example play behavior... The number of roles in the games of young children is insignificant (1―2). The main role is played by the educator, and the kids portray the same characters, for example, the teacher is a cat, all children are mice (“Cat and Mice).
It is important to remember that the driver only pretends to catch the children: this pedagogical technique is used so that the kids are not frightened and they do not lose interest in the game. Kids are attracted to the game mainly by the process of action: they are interested in running, catching up, throwing, etc. It is important to teach them to act exactly on the signal, obey simple rules games. There is no element of competition in games for young children because kids are not interested in the result, but only in the process itself. The game should be selected with material familiar to the children, when explaining the course of the game, use a short fairy tale or a story story, weaving into it a signal and the rules of the game: “Little funny sparrows flew along the path, flapped their wings, pecked seeds, flew up to a puddle, drank some water and flew away again ... One day a big red car showed up and the BBC began to hum. The sparrows got scared and flew to their nests. " Let's play this game. You will be little sparrows, and I will pretend to be a car. Such an explanation of the game introduces the kids into the image, affects their imagination, and spurs interest. While playing the game, it is necessary to constantly remind children of the playful image. Various attributes significantly enliven the game: hats with the image of birds, the steering wheel of a car, etc. An active game is repeated two or three times during the lesson. After it, it is imperative to evaluate the actions of all children ("All the sparrows were dexterous, no one was caught, they played well. Well done!")
Young children are especially interested in plot games ("Cucumber-cucumber ...", "Shaggy dog", "Cat and mice", "Sparrows and a cat", "Mother hen and chickens", etc.), simple non-plot games ("Where ringing? "," Find your house "," Catch a mosquito "," Traps ", etc.), as well as fun games.
Also for junior group games with text are recommended. Outdoor games for young children are often accompanied by words - poems, songs, recitative, which reveal the content of the game and its rules; explain what movement and how to perform; serve as signals for the beginning and end; prompt rhythm and tempo ("Along a flat path", "Horses", "Gray hare washes ...", "Once upon a time there were bunnies ...", "Small and big legs", "Silence", "Let's join us ... "). These games develop a sense of rhythm in children.
By the age of four, children accumulate motor experience, movements become more coordinated. Taking into account this factor, the teacher complicates the conditions of the game: increases the distance for running, throwing, jumping height; selects games that train in agility, courage, endurance.
In the games of older children, the number of roles increases (up to 3-4). Here, for example, there is already a shepherd, a wolf, geese ("Geese-Swans"), in the middle group the teacher already distributes roles among all the children. The number of rules is gradually increasing, the relationship between children is becoming more complicated. In the middle group, story games such as "Cat and Mice", "Kittens and Puppies", "Mousetrap", "At a Bear in the Forest", "Colored Cars", "Horses", "Hunter and Hares" and others are widely used. non-plot games: "Find yourself a mate", "Whose link will get together sooner?", "Find your color", "Throw a ring", "Ball through a rope", etc. As in the younger group, the teacher, conducting story gameuses figurative storytelling. At the end of the game, the teacher notes the success of the children.
In outdoor games for older children preschool age more complex movements are used. The guys are tasked with instantly reacting to change game situation, show courage, ingenuity, endurance, ingenuity, skill.
Games accompanied by text are also given in older groups, and the words are often pronounced in chorus (“We are funny guys”, etc.).
The movements of children 5-6 years old are distinguished by greater coordination, accuracy, therefore, along with plot ("Geese-Swans", "Cat and Mice", "Firefighters in the Exercise", "Hunter, Hares and Dogs", etc.) and non-plot (" Carousel "," Mousetrap "," Do not stay on the floor "," Fishing rod "," Catchers "," Entertainers ", etc.) games are widely used with elements of competition, which at first it is advisable to introduce as a competition between several children of equal physical strength and level of development of motor skills.
In the pre-school group, most children are good at basic movements. The teacher pays attention to the quality of movements, makes sure that they are light, beautiful, confident. Children must quickly navigate in space, show endurance, courage, resourcefulness, and creatively solve motor problems. It is necessary to set tasks for them to solve independently in games. In a number of games, children are required to be able to come up with options for movements, various combinations of them (games like "Make a figure", "Day and night", "Monkeys and hunters", etc.). Initially, the teacher plays the leading role in coming up with options for movements. Gradually, he connects children to this.
Ball games play a particularly important role in working with children. Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel, German teacher, theorist of preschool education, creator of the concept " kindergarten", Wrote:" Almost everything a child needs, gives him a ball. It plays a big role in the development of coordination, the development of hand muscles, and, consequently, in the improvement of nervous processes in the cerebral cortex. " While playing, the child performs various manipulations with the ball: aiming, hitting, throwing, throwing, connecting movements with claps, various turns, etc. These games develop the eye, motor coordination functions, improve the activity of the cerebral cortex. According to Alexander Lowen, hitting the ball improves mood, relieves aggression, helps to get rid of muscle tension, and causes pleasure.
A special place is occupied by games with children during a walk. After all, it is a walk, long enough in time, that allows you to organize the most different games... And the teacher must take on the role of organizer and leader of the games during the walk, in no way violating its amateur character. When choosing a game, you need to take into account the season, the state of the weather. On an evening walk, so that children are not overexcited, games of medium mobility should be organized.
When choosing games for every day, you need to take into account the time and place in the daily routine. At the same time, one should not forget about either the previous or the subsequent activities of children.
In the morning, games with physical education aids and toys that encourage children to move are recommended (with a ball, with a hoop, ring throw, bilbock, classes). Children form small groups and play on their own.
In the intervals between organized classes, especially if they are associated with a fixed posture (drawing, modeling, the development of speech and mathematical representations), games of medium and low mobility are useful ("Make a figure", "Do as I do", "Ball school", bilbock ). The purpose of these games is active recreation, so they should be familiar to children.
When choosing games for an afternoon walk, the teacher takes into account the children's previous activities. After quiet activities (drawing, modeling) that require focused attention, games of a more mobile nature are recommended. They should be accompanied by the whole group at the beginning of the walk. It is desirable that there are two of them: the first game should be with a heavy load ("The Hunter and the Hares"), the second - more calm ("Day and Night").
After physical education and music lessons, games of medium mobility are recommended ("Owl", "Colored cars", etc.). They should be carried out in the middle or at the end of the walk.
It is also important to remember that it is advisable to carry out games of a more mobile nature 25-30 minutes after eating and in no case before eating: emotional uplift and physical activity increase excitability, which can negatively affect the appetite of children.
If air baths are provided after a day's sleep, then the games conducted at this time should be of great mobility, and those in which all children are actively acting ("Mother and Chickens", "Fifteen", etc.).
On an evening walk, it is useful to organize such games of high and medium mobility, in which all children participate at the same time.
Thus, outdoor games are an irreplaceable means of replenishing a child's knowledge and ideas about the world around him; development of thinking, ingenuity, dexterity, dexterity, valuable moral and volitional qualities. Physical culture and health-improving work with preschoolers should be aimed at forming children's ideas and knowledge about one of the main factors of health - movement. The work of teachers of a modern preschool educational institution is aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of children, reducing morbidity, at developing knowledge of health and healthy lifestyles among pupils, and improving practical skills for a healthy lifestyle. The upbringing of a person who consciously cares about his health throughout his life is an important task of a kindergarten, requiring the inclusion of all participants in the educational process in its implementation.
While being an exciting activity for preschoolers, play is at the same time the most important means of their upbringing and development. But this happens when she is included in the organized and controlled pedagogical process. Didactic games are very difficult to guide.
Including play in the pedagogical process, the teacher teaches children to play, create, according to A.S. Makarenko, " good game". Such a game is characterized by the following qualities: educational and cognitive value of the content, completeness and correctness of the reflected ideas; expediency, activity, organization and creative nature of play actions; obedience to the rules and the ability to be guided by them in the game, taking into account the interests of individual children and all those who play; purposeful use of toys and play materials; the goodwill of the relationship and the joyful mood of the children. Leading the game, the educator affects all aspects of the child's personality: on his consciousness, feelings, will, behavior, uses it for the purposes of mental, moral, aesthetic and physical education. (6)
After analyzing the literary sources on the problem of managing didactic games for preschool children (1,2,3,4,5,6), certain rules of leadership can be distinguished:
1. It is necessary to arouse children's interest in playing: creating a surprise moment, a game situation, through the use of any fairy-tale characters. During the didactic games, the teacher must maintain a playful mood in children: interesting material, jokes, laughter, the tone of the teacher. Children should not feel the educational nature of the game. Every game must contain an element of novelty.
2. It is necessary to create conditions for games: to select the appropriate didactic material and didactic toys, games. Think over how to place didactic material and toys so that children can freely use them; provide a place for games. Teach children to carefully handle didactic toys, games, carefully fold them at the end of the activity. Board-printed games require special attention of the teacher, from which chips, cubes, cards and other attributes are easily lost.
3. Guiding a didactic game consists in the correct definition of didactic tasks - cognitive content; in defining game tasks and implementing didactic tasks through them; in thinking over game actions and rules, in anticipation of training results. The teacher needs to ensure the activity of all children, especially in collective games: every child must understand and accept didactic task
4. The teacher must monitor the implementation of the game rules, correct children's mistakes, remind of the existence of the rules if the children deviate from them. Care should be taken to continuously enrich the children's play experience. For this, it is advisable to conduct training in play actions with didactic toys, performing these actions together with the child, to organize situations of mutual learning of children
5. Didactic game as one of the forms of training is carried out during the time, which is allocated in the mode for classes. It is important to establish the correct relationship between these two forms of education, to determine their relationship and place in a single pedagogical process... Didactic games sometimes precede classes; in such cases, their purpose is to attract the interest of children to what will be the content of the lesson. The game can alternate with classes when it is necessary to strengthen the independent activity of children, organize the application of what has been learned in game activity, summarize, summarize the material studied in the classroom.
6. Finishing the game, the teacher should arouse children's interest in its continuation, create a joyful perspective. Usually he says: "Next time we will play even better" or: " New game will be even more interesting. " The teacher develops versions of games familiar to children and creates new ones that are useful and exciting.
The teacher must prepare for the educational games. The preparation of a teacher consists in choosing the goal of the game, choosing the game itself, determining the method of organization and venue, preparing the necessary material. The teacher thinks over its structure, carefully and comprehensively develops an action plan to achieve the task set in the game. In this plan, their actions, the actions of the group, should be determined, the children to whom you need to pay attention should be identified, the play material should be selected and the timing should be calculated. Selecting games, the teacher proceeds from what program tasks he will solve with their help, how the game will contribute to the development of mental activity of children, the upbringing of the moral aspects of the individual, and train sensory experience. Does the didactic task of the game correspond to the program content that is studied in the classroom?
Ensures that in the chosen game children reinforce, clarify, expand knowledge and skills and at the same time do not turn the game into an activity or exercise. The teacher thinks over in detail how, while completing the program task, to maintain the game action, high pace of the game (senior preschool age) and to ensure the opportunity for each child to actively act in the game situation. In the same way, leading a didactic game, the teacher must remember about the voluntary participation of children in it, you cannot force a child to play, you can only arouse his desire to play, create an appropriate play mood and maintain it during the game. When conducting didactic games, it is necessary to pay special attention to those children who have not attended kindergarten for a long time. (6)
The guidance of didactic games, depending on the age of children, is carried out in different ways, since each age has its own psychophysiological characteristics.
Group "Kids"
At this age, didactic games help children get to know the surrounding objects better, distinguish and name their color, shape and possible actions with them. They contribute to the coordination of movements, the development of the eye, the mastery of spatial orientation. Teach children to hear the word and relate it to a specific toy, object, action
Features of the management of didactic games for children of the "Kids" group:
· In children of younger preschool age, excitement prevails over inhibition, visualization acts more strongly than a word, therefore it is more expedient to combine the explanation of the rules with the demonstration of a game action. The teacher fully and in detail explains the rules of the game and shows them during the game itself, taking the leading role in the game. The teacher plays with the children.
· The surprise moment should come first in the organization of games, it is necessary, first of all, to arouse children's interest in didactic material, teach them to play with it. Games must be conducted in such a way that they create a cheerful, joyful mood in children, teach children to play without interfering with each other, gradually lead them to the ability to play in small groups and realize that it is more interesting to play together.
· In conducting didactic games with children of primary preschool age, the teacher's activity is needed in teaching children the techniques of game actions. Teach children in the game to correctly lay out objects (take in the right hand and put from left to right).
· In the course of the game, the teacher uses questions, gives advice and suggestions, encourages children, controls the actions of children.
Group "Pochemuchki"
At this age, it is necessary to pay attention to didactic games aimed at consolidating, generalizing the existing knowledge of children, the ability to use the acquired knowledge in practice.
Features of the guidance of didactic games for children of the Pochemuchki group:
Middle preschool children have some experience joint games, but even here the teacher takes part in didactic games. She is a teacher and participant in the game, teaches children and plays with them, seeks to involve all children, gradually brings them to the ability to follow the actions and words of their comrades, that is, she is interested in the process of the whole game. Gradually, as children gain experience, the teacher begins to play a secondary role in the game, i.e. play the role of a leader, but if there are any problems in the game, he switches back to it.
· The rules of the game are explained by the teacher before the game and are shown using a "trial move". By his example, the educator prevents the wrong actions of children. During the game, the teacher closely monitors the implementation of the rules.
· In the course of the game, the teacher also asks the children, leading or problematic, makes remarks, gives advice, encourages. At this age stage, the teacher gradually, focusing on the individual characteristics of children, can assess play actions, games.
Group "Fantasy"
Children of older preschool age have significant play experience and such developed thinking that they easily perceive purely verbal explanations of the play. Only in some cases is a visual demonstration required. With children of this age, didactic games are conducted with the whole group, with small groups. They, as a rule, develop collective relationships based on joint games. Therefore, the elements of the competition can already be used in the game with the "Fantasy" groups.
The didactic games of older preschool children reflect life phenomena that are more complex in their content (everyday life and work of people, technology in the city and village). Children classify objects by material, purpose (for example, the game "Where is what is hidden").
Used extensively at this age word gamesrequiring a lot of mental stress. In children of this age, in didactic games, voluntary attention, independence in solving the set task, in fulfilling the rules are more manifested. Leadership should be such that play promotes mental and moral education and at the same time remains play. It is also necessary at this age to preserve the emotional mood of children, the experience of joy from the course of the game and satisfaction from the result, that is, solving the problem. Supervising such printed games, the teacher develops the ability of children to distinguish, recognize, and recall. Relying on the excitement and inhibition of the nervous system, it exercises the attention of children, since pictures unexpectedly quickly replace each other and new visual images cause auditory and verbal images in children. Children practice speed, accuracy and strength of memorization, in the safety of reproduction of these images.
Features of the management of didactic games for children of the Fantazery group:
· At this age, the explanation of the rules is carried out before the game, as a rule, without showing their implementation. Most often this is a verbal explanation, but if the game is difficult or new, then you can offer the children a "trial move".
The teacher does not take part in the games, but monitors the implementation of the rules of the game, for the course of the game,
· In didactic games, educators put the child in such conditions (play) when he is forced to remember what he was told in practice, during excursions, and this is very important when preparing a child for school.
Knowing the individual characteristics of children, the educator advises them to distribute roles in the game among themselves in such a way as to put a child who has not formed moral norms of behavior in such play conditions when, in fulfilling the role, he will have to show attention, kindness, and care for a friend , then transferring these qualities to everyday life. The teacher makes extensive use of the example of a peer, guides the game, using advice, reminders. In the game, children must show perseverance when following the rules, remember certain events from the life around them.
· Finishing the game, the teacher must remind the children of the name of the game, individual game rules, support the interest of children in the further continuation of the game. Assesses the actions of children, but it should be remembered that not every game requires an assessment, since the assessment can be concluded as a result of the game or disrupt the good mood of the children.
· When the game is repeated, the children learn the complete order, game rules and methods of action. The need for repetition of the game is determined by the fact that not all of its participants equally successfully master all the elements of didactic games to such an extent that they pass into their independent activity. As a rule, in order to increase the activity of children in the game and maintain a long-term interest in it, didactic and play tasks become more complicated when it is repeated. For this, the teacher uses the introduction of new play material, the introduction of additional roles, the replacement of visual didactic material to verbal, etc.
Thus, we can say that the leadership of didactic games requires a teacher of great knowledge, a high level of pedagogical skill and tact.
Practical part
1. Observation of the didactic game "Collect the picture" in the group "Why Much" (4-5 years old)
In the group "Why Much" the teacher organized a didactic game to familiarize preschoolers with seasonal changes in nature "Collect the picture" (see Appendix 1).
This didactic game can be attributed to the following types of games: a game of natural history, a game with pictures, a board-print game.
The teacher prepared for the game with the children: the game was planned, the necessary material was prepared, the placement of the children was thought out (the children were sitting at the tables, the necessary material was laid out in front of them). The game was conducted with a subgroup of children (4 children) in the afternoon.
The game proposed to children contained the main structural components: a didactic task consisting of play and teaching; game rules; game actions; the end of the game, summing up.
The objectives of the game: to consolidate the knowledge of children about the main characteristic features of the seasons; exercise in folding a whole from parts; develop perception, imagination, attention, memory; create interest in the game. The teacher used techniques such as a reminder, clarification, problematic questions, an example of a peer to achieve this goal. The teacher clearly formulated the rules of the game before starting it: listen carefully to other children, not interrupt each other, you can help another if he needs help. The children tried to follow the rules, although they did not always succeed, in these cases the teacher reminded the children how to behave during the game.
Game actions consisted of looking at pictures, children's answers to teacher's questions, and folding parts of pictures into a whole picture. Children were active, answered questions, folded pictures with interest, and helped each other.
At the end of the game, the teacher summed up the game (clarified the actions that the children performed during the game), praised the children.
The task of the game was fully realized: all the children described the seasons in the pictures they offered. The children were satisfied with the game, asked to continue the game, and began to change pictures to assemble another. I believe that the teacher competently guided the children's play.
Junior group. (3-4 years old).
Play activity occurs already in preschool age . in order for it to be complete, it is necessary to create a pedagogically expedient environment, to choose the right toys. To meet the children's need for movement, you need to have a slide, benches, boxes and other aids. Children should be provided with enough space to run, climb stairs, slide down the hillside, play hide and seek, catch up.
In the games of children over 1.5 years old, you can notice signs of imitation of adults. Taking this into account, the educator involves children in games with the help of a toy, tries to arouse their interest with an emotional, figurative explanation. In the younger groups, the most often used are story games and the simplest non-plot games such as "traps", as well as games of fun.
Kids are attracted by the process of action in the game: run, catch up, throw, etc. it is important to teach the child to act exactly on the signal, to obey the simple rules of the game. The success of an outdoor game depends on the teacher's ability to interest children, to give samples of movements. The teacher performs the leading roles himself or instructs the most active child, you can prepare a child from the older group. It is important to remember that the driver pretends to catch the children so as not to scare them.
When conducting story games, it is necessary to use a technique that is addressed to the child's imagination. For this purpose, they use the imaginative capabilities of the plot story ("sparrows and a car"). The explanation takes less than a minute. The teacher plays with the children, playing the role of both a sparrow and a car.
The teacher monitors the figurative performance of the actions by the children, reminds them to use the entire area, fly beautifully, emotionally imitate movements, and act whenever possible on a signal. The teacher constantly reminds children about the playful image. To revive the game, we use attributes: hats with the image of birds, the steering wheel of a car, etc. by the end of the year, you can assign the role of the car to a more active child.
For the younger group, text games are recommended. When conducting such games, the teacher expressively reads the text, illustrating it with the appropriate movements. These games develop a sense of rhythm in children. Children, listening to the teacher, try to imitate his movements. ("Hare", "Train").
Middle group (4-5 years old).
By this age, children accumulate motor experience, movements become more coordinated. Considering this the conditions of the game get more complicated: the distance for running, throwing, jumping height increases; games are selected that train children in agility, courage, endurance. In this group, the educator is already distributing roles among the children. Initially, the role of the driver is offered to more active children who can cope with it. The teacher celebrates the success of children in the game, fosters goodwill, forms honesty, justice. In the middle group, plot games such as "Cat and Mice", "Kittens and Puppies", "Mousetrap" and others are widely used, non-plot games - "Find yourself a mate", "Whose link will get together sooner?" etc. as in the junior group, the teacher uses a figurative story in a story game. Fairy-tale images encourage the child to combine the real features of the perceived plot into new combinations. The imagination of a 5-year-old child is of a recreational nature, so the educator must always guide his development. In this respect, the role of the figurative story story ("The kids and the wolf") is great. Children's enthusiasm for play makes it possible to solve educational problems in a complex.
Senior group (6-7 years old).
More complex movements are used. Children are given the task of instant reaction to changes in the game situation, to show courage, ingenuity, endurance, ingenuity, skill.
Considering that the movements of children are more coordinated and accurate in the older group, it is possible to introduce games with elements of a competition of the type, which are advisable to introduce between several children. "Who will run to the flag faster." As the children master the skills and orientation in space, competitions in links are introduced. The best is the link, the participants of which cope with the task quickly and correctly. ("Colored Figures").
Searching for solutions to certain motor problems, children acquire knowledge themselves. And the knowledge gained by one's own efforts is assimilated consciously and is more firmly imprinted in the memory. Solving a variety of problems solves children's faith in their own strengths, causes joy from independent small discoveries.
With the skillful guidance of the teacher by the outdoor game, the creative activity of children is successfully formed: they come up with versions of the game, new plots, and more complex game tasks.
Each player must know his task and, in accordance with it, play the role he portrayed in the proposed situation. Entering a role forms in children the ability to imagine himself in the place of another, to mentally reincarnate into him, allows him to experience feelings that in everyday life situations may not be available. Thus, in the game “firefighters in training” children imagine themselves as brave, dexterous, courageous people, ready to sacrifice themselves for the sake of saving others.
Thus, outdoor play is a natural form of social self-expression of an individual and creative exploration of the world.
In a number of games, children are required to be able to come up with variants of movements, their various combinations: "Make a figure", "Day and night", "Monkey and hunters". Initially, the teacher plays the leading role in drawing up the options. Gradually, he connects the children themselves to this. Entering the role, figurative transmission of the nature of movements is facilitated by the children inventing exercises on a given topic. For example, come up with an exercise that imitates the movements of animals, birds, animals (heron, chanterelle, frog) or come up with and name an exercise, and then perform it ("Fish", "Snowplow).
An important role in the development of the creative activity of children is played by involving them in drawing up versions of games, complicating the rules. Initially, the leading role belongs to the educator in varying the games, but gradually the children are given more and more independence. ("Two frosts" just run; warm up your comrades; run performing the movements of skiers, athletes ...).
Using the method of creative assignments, the teacher gradually leads the children to invent outdoor games and organize them independently.
An indicator of children's creativity in play is not only the speed of reaction, the ability to enter a role, transferring their understanding of the image, independence in solving motor tasks in connection with a change in the situation, but also the ability to create combinations of movements, options for games, and complication of rules. The highest manifestation of creativity in children is their inventing outdoor games and the ability to organize them independently.
Children of all ages have a great need for play, and it is very important to use active play not only to improve motor skills, but also to educate all aspects of the child's personality. A well-thought-out method of outdoor games helps to reveal the individual abilities of a child, helps to raise him healthy, vigorous, cheerful, active, able to independently and creatively solve a variety of problems.
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