People communicate in numerous languages. Each of them has its own peculiarities of pronunciation, spelling and use of words. The speech captures the changes in the cultural traditions of the society and its development. They are reflected in the works of literature and oral creativity of the people. The international holiday calls for the preservation of the accumulated legacy of achievements.
Who is celebrating
Everyone involved in the study and transfer of knowledge about speech and writing is related to the celebrations. Among them are researchers, teachers of literature, the Russian language, and library staff. The holiday is considered by teachers, students, graduate students of the philological faculties of higher educational institutions. The event is attended by everyone who has received the appropriate education, is fond of writing, their relatives, acquaintances, friends and close people.
History and traditions of the holiday
The event originates from an article by Ivan Klimenko "Let there be a Day!", Published in one of the newspapers. He is also known for creating the Russian word play (intellectual fun, accompanied by competitions in the field of philology). The author described the idea of the holiday in his work, submitting it to the readers' judgment.
The initiative, set out in the pages of the printed edition, at first did not find any support from the Russian authorities. The United Nations was far more agile. In 2010, the UN proclaimed June 6 as the Day of the Russian Language, and already in 2011 the President of Russia issued a decree. The document fixed this date at the state level. It has a symbolic meaning, as stated in the legislative act.
The event is timed to coincide with the birth of A. Pushkin, one of the most significant figures in the so-called golden age. An outstanding personality is considered the author of modern literary norms of the use of words, and his works are included in the world cultural heritage. Some researchers believe that the poet's contribution is exaggerated, and his image is elevated to the rank of a cult, at the suggestion of I. Stalin.
Russian Language Day 2020 is very popular in the academic and professional environment. The event is celebrated at the festive table. Colleagues discuss news, tell stories from life and everyday work. Congratulations and toasts are heard, followed by the clink of glasses. The government makes speeches that support the language. The participants exchange valuable gifts. One of the most coveted and most popular is the rare book.
On this day, it is customary to attend cultural events: film screenings, theater performances, exhibitions, concerts of song and dance groups. Students arrange open readings. Fragments of classical works, reports of researchers are heard. Particular attention is paid to young authors. Writers present their works, leave signatures to everyone. Radio and television broadcasts programs on literature and related topics.
On the eve of the date or on the next weekend, philologists go to nature. Meals are prepared on an open fire, leisure activities are carried out in the open air. This is facilitated by the warm weather of the summer month. Relatives, friends and close people are usually invited to picnics.
The birthday of the Russian language is one of the events aimed at its preservation and development.
2017 year
According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 1, 2015 under No. 392 "On holding the Year of Specially Protected Natural Areas in the Russian Federation" 2017 was announced in Russia year of ecology.
2018 year
The World Cup will be held in Russia!
2018 is the Year of the Volunteer in Russia. (Decree of the President of Russia No. 583 dated December 6, 2017)
2019 is the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 12/20/2017).
2019 is the International Year of Indigenous Languages (resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 19, 2016).
International decades
2015-2024 - International Decade for People of African Descent
2014-2024 - Decade of Sustainable Energy for All
2011-2020 - Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism
2011-2020 - United Nations Decade on Biodiversity
2011-2020 - Decade of Action for Road Safety
2010-2020 - United Nations Decade for Deserts and Combating Desertification
2008-2017 - Second United Nations Decade to End Poverty.
2017 in the Russian Federation will be declared the Year of Specially Protected Natural Areas. Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on holding the Year of Specially Protected Natural Areas in 2017. The Year of Protected Areas will be timed to coincide with the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the protected system of Russia.
International Holidays
In a resolution adopted at its 14th session, the General Conference of UNESCO recognized the need for joint and vigorous action in international efforts to promote literacy around the world and proclaimed 8 September as International Literacy Day.
In 1981, by its resolution 36/67, the UN General Assembly proclaimed the International Day of Peace and established its celebration on the third Tuesday in September. And 20 years later, in 2001, the General Assembly unanimously adopted resolution 55/282, in which it decided that since 2002 the International Day of Peace will be celebrated annually on September 21 as the day of a universal ceasefire and non-violence.
Established in 1951, in honor of the creation of the World Federation of the Deaf and Dumb
On December 14, 1990, the UN General Assembly decided to consider October 1 as the International Day of Older Persons.
22 of October - International School Libraries Day (date for 2018).
Celebrated in many countries annually on the fourth Monday in October, since 1999 at the initiative of UNESCO. Moreover, every year it is dedicated to a specific topic. In 2008, this event reached a new level - in January, project coordinator Rick Mulholland announced that International Day of School Libraries would be transformed into a month - also international.
15th of November - International Smoking Cessation Day (date for 2018).
This day was established by the American Cancer Society in 1977. The goal of the International Day of Smoking Cessation is to help reduce the prevalence of tobacco dependence, involve all segments of the population and doctors of all specialties in the fight against smoking, prevent tobacco smoking and inform society about the harmful effects of tobacco on health.
On November 16, 1995, the Member States of UNESCO adopted the Declaration of Principles on Tolerance. In 1996, the UN General Assembly invited member states to celebrate the International Day for Tolerance on November 16 each year, with appropriate events aimed at both educational institutions and the general public.
In 1973, a celebration of greetings was invented by two American brothers, Michael and Brian McCormack, in the midst of the Cold War, in response to the conflict between Egypt and Israel. The day was needed as a protest against the growing international tension.
“We need a simple but effective action,” the brothers decided and sent letters of warm greetings to all corners of the world. They asked the addressee to greet someone else, well, at least ten people! This idea has been supported in over 180 countries. Since then, the World Day of Greetings has been celebrated by citizens of all professions and ages, and by major political leaders, and industrial magnates, and world-famous personalities of film and television.
It has been held annually since 1994. On this day in 1992, the first International Informatization Forum was held.
In 1992, at the end of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992), the UN General Assembly proclaimed December 3 as International Day of Persons with Disabilities.
On December 4, 1950, at the Plenary Assembly, the UN General Assembly officially established the celebration of December 10 as Human Rights Day. This date was chosen in honor of the adoption and proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
On December 28, 1895, in Paris, at the Grand Cafe on Boulevard des Capucines, the first screening of the Lumiere brothers' cinematography took place.
International Mother Language Day, proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO on 17 November 1999, has been celebrated every year since February 2000 with the aim of promoting linguistic and cultural diversity.
In 1999, at the 30th session of the General Conference of UNESCO, it was decided to celebrate World Poetry Day on March 21 every year.
Installed in 1961 by the IX Congress of the International Theater Institute
Since 1967, on the initiative and decision of the International Council for Children's Books, on April 2, on the birthday of the great storyteller from Denmark, Hans Christian Andersen, the whole world celebrates International Children's Book Day.
Celebrated annually on the day of the creation in 1948 of the World Health Organization, the purpose of this organization is to fight epidemics, create a healthy lifestyle for the world's population, publicize and draw people's attention to improving health and prolonging life. And in order for humanity to pay attention, at least once a year, to the problems associated with the wrong way of life, a special world (international) day of health was created. World Health Day 2018 is dedicated to the accessibility of health care.
Established by the UN General Assembly in 1993
Annually on May 24 in all Slavic countries they solemnly glorify the creators of Slavic writing, Cyril and Methodius, the Slovenian teachers.
The World Health Organization declared May 31 as World No Tobacco Day in 1988.
Anniversary Writers 2020
January
01/02/1920 (100) Isaac Asimov. Science fiction writer, from a family of immigrants from Russia. He became world famous as the author of the collection of stories "I, Robot".
01/04/1795 (225) Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Russian poet and playwright. The author of the rhymed play "Woe from Wit".
01/04/1875 (145) Vasily Grigorievich Yanchevetsky (Jan). Russian writer of the Soviet era. Author of the Invasion of the Mongols trilogy.
17.01. 1860 (160) Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Russian prose writer, playwright. His works are included in the classics of Russian literature. He has written over 300 works.
February
02/10/1890 (130) Boris Pasternak. Russian poet and writer. Author of the novel Doctor Zhivago, for which he received the Nobel Prize. In 2019-2020, conferences dedicated to the study of the subject of this work are planned for the anniversary of the writer.
02/14/1855 (165) Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin. Russian writer, art critic. The author of the children's fairy tale "The Frog the Traveler".
02/23/1840 (180) Vsevolod Vladimirovich Krestovsky. Russian poet and prose writer. The most famous work is the novel "Petersburg Slums".
02/29/1920 (100) Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov. Soviet writer and literary critic. He wrote the trilogy "Pryaslin", for which he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR.
March
03/06/1815 (205) Petr Pavlovich Ershov. Russian poet, playwright, author of the fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse".
03/08/1920 (100) Ivan Fotievich Stadnyuk. Soviet prose writer, playwright. He wrote biographical stories about the war.
03/20/1905 (115) Vera Fedorovna Panova. Author of the story "Companions", based on which the movie "Train of Mercy" was filmed.
April
04/02/1840 (180) Emil Zola. French writer, author of the collection of stories "Tales of Ninon", autobiographical novel "Confessions of Claude."
02.04.1805 (215) Hans Christian Andersen. Danish prose writer. He wrote fairy tales for children.
04/26/1660 (360) Daniel Defoe. English writer, author of the novel "Robinson Crusoe", known to everyone since childhood. He was the first to introduce the concept of the novel as a separate genre of literature. About 500 books came out from the pen of the master.
May
05/16/1910 (110) Olga Fedorovna Bergholts. Soviet writer and playwright. The author of the book "Leningrad Speaks", written on the basis of radio broadcasts from the city besieged during the war.
05.24.1905 (115) Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov. Soviet writer and screenwriter. Author of the novels "Quiet Don", "Virgin Soil Upturned", "They Fought for the Motherland."
05.24.1940 (80) Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky. Russian-American poet-emigrant. His plays "Marble" and "Democracy" became especially popular.
June
06.06.1875 (145) Thomas Mann. German writer, from whose pen came the novel "Buddenbrooks", which received the Nobel Prize.
06/21/1910 (110) Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky. Soviet poet. Author of the poems "Vasily Terkin" and "House by the Road".
06/29/1900 (120) Antoine de Saint-Exupery. French writer, winner of two literary awards for the novel "Wind, Sand and Stars", as well as the author of the fairy tale "The Little Prince".
July
07/06/1885 (135) André Maurois. French writer, worked in the genre of a novelized biography.
10.07.1905 (115) Lev Abramovich Kassil. The most famous work is the autobiographical story "Conduit and Schwambrania".
07/13/1920 (100) Arkady Grigorievich Adamov. Soviet writer, worked in the detective genre. With his story, "The Case of the Motley" revived the detective genre in the USSR.
August
05.08.1850 (170) Guy de Maupassant. He became famous as a short story writer. He wrote a novel in the era of the decline of the genre and the increased popularity of stories.
08/22/1920 (100) Ray Bradbury. American writer who worked in the genre of dystopia. Author of 11 novels, including Dandelion Wine, Fahrenheit 451, The Martian Chronicles.
08/23/1880 (140) Alexander Stepanovich Green. The author of the novel-extravaganza "Scarlet Sails", the novel "Running on the Waves".
September
09/07/1870 (150) Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. He became famous as a master of literary landscape. In 1909 he was awarded the Pushkin Prize.
09/13/1935 (85) Albert Anatolyevich Likhanov. Russian children's writer. His books are published both in Russia and abroad.
09/15/1890 (130) Agatha Christie (Miller). English writer. Author of over 60 detective stories that have become world classics and 6 psychological novels.
October
03.10.1895 (125) Sergey Alexandrovich Yesenin. Russian poet, master of literary landscape, wrote in the lyric genre.
10/13/1880 (140) Sasha Cherny. Poet of the Silver Age. He began his creative activity in St. Petersburg, then emigrated to Paris.
10/22/1870 (150) Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Prose writer and poet. Recognition came after the release of the story "Village".
10/23/1920 (100) Gianni Rodari. Italian children's writer, author of The Adventures of Cipollino.
November
11/28/1880 (140) Alexander Alexandrovich Blok. Russian poet and literary critic. In his works, the mystical and everyday life were successfully intertwined.
11/28/1915 (105) Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov. Soviet writer, screenwriter. Gained popularity as an author of military lyrics. The most famous poem is “Wait for me”.
11/30/1835 (185) Mark Twain. American writer, according to Hemingway, the founder of modern American literature.
December
05.12.1820 (200) Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. Russian writer and translator. Horace received the Pushkin Prize for his translation.
12/30/1865 (155) Rudyard Kipling. English writer. The most famous work is The Jungle Book.
16.12.1775 (245) Jane Austen. English writer. Author of the novel "Pride and Prejudice"
ANNIVERSARY BOOKS 2019
530 years reproduction in the annalistic corpus of travel records "Walking Beyond Three Seas" by Afanasy Nikitin(1489)
525 years since the completion of work on the satirical poem "Ship of Fools" by S. Brandt(1494)
485 years first publication "The Ballad of Robin Hood"(1534)
455 years since the publication of the first printed book "Apostle"(1564)
415 years drama W. Shakespeare "Othello"(1604)
350 years comedy J. B. Moliere "Tartuffe"(1669)
300 years since the release of the story Daniel Defoe "Robinson Crusoe"(1719)
260 years since the publication of the story Voltaire's "Candide, or Optimism"(1759)
250 years comedy D. I. Fonvizina "Brigadier"(1769)
245 years sentimental novel " The Suffering of Young Werther "I. Goethe(1774)
235 years "The Marriage of Figaro" French playwright Pierre Augustin de Beaumarchais(1784)
230 years "Confessions" French educational philosopher J. J. Rousseau(1789)
215 years novel Friedrich Schiller "Wilhelm Tell"(1804)
210 years first publication "Fable" by Ivan Andreevich Krylov(1809)
205 years essay Alexander Pushkin "Memories in Tsarskoe Selo", who caused delight at the exam in January 1815 G.R.Derzhavina(1814)
200 years since the release of the novel Walter Scott "Ivanhoe"(1819)
200 years THIS. Hoffmann "Little Tsakhes nicknamed Zinnober"(1819)
195 years since the creation of the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. Griboyedov(1824)
195 years poem A. Pushkin "Gypsies"(1824)
195 years a novel in verse Byron's "Don Juan"(1824)
190 years the publication was completed back "History of the Russian State" by N. M. Karamzin(Volume 12 - in 1829)
190 years since the publication of the story A. Pogorelsky "Black chicken, or Underground inhabitants"(1829)
185 years since the release of the tale Peter Pavlovich Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse"(1834)
185 years fairy tale A. Pushkin "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel"(1834)
185 years since the creation VF Odoevsky fairy tales "Town in a snuffbox"(1834)
180 years back Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov finished the poem "Mtsyri"(1839)
180 years novel Ch. Dickens "The Adventures of Oliver Twist"(1839)
175 years since the release of the novel A. Dumas "Three Musketeers"(1844)
175 years since writing H. K. Andersen fairy tales "The Snow Queen"(1844)
175 years novel J. Sand "Countess Rudolstadt"(1844)
170 years translation V. Zhukovsky "Odyssey" by Homer(1849)
165 years I. S. Turgenev "Mumu"(1854)
160 years since the release of the novel I. A. Goncharova "Oblomov"(1859)
160 years since the drama was staged A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"(1859)
160 years since the release of the novel Ivan Turgenev "Noble nest"(1859)
155 years since writing J. Verne of the novel "Journey to the Center of the Earth"(1864)
155 years poem N. A. Nekrasova "Railway"(1864)
150 years since the completion of the publication of the novel "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy(1869)
150 years Ivan Goncharov "Break"(1869)
150 years Novel published back V. Hugo "The Man Who Laughs"(1869)
145 years since writing J. Verne of the novel "The Mysterious Island"(1874)
135 years since the publication of the novel M. Twain "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"(1884)
125 years since the completion of work on fairy tales R. J. Kipling's "The Jungle Book"(1894)
115 years "Poems about the Beautiful Lady" by Alexander Blok(1904)
115 years since the writing of a lyric comedy "The Cherry Orchard" by A. P. Chekhov(1904)
115 years since the writing of the novel D. London "Sea Wolf"(1904)
115 years since the publication of the story Leo Tolstoy "Hadji Murad"(1904)
105 years collection Anna Akhmatova "Rosary"(1914)
100 years since the release of the fairy tale K. I. Chukovsky "Crocodile"(1919)
95 years V. V. Bianki "Forest houses", "Whose nose is better?", "Whose legs are these?", "Who sings what?"(1924)
95 years since the creation of the tale K. I. Chukovsky "Tsokotukha Fly"(in 1924 - "Mukhina's wedding")
95 years since the creation of a fairy tale Yu. K. Olesha "Three fat men"(1924)
95 years the novel came out in English translation back E. Zamyatina "We"(1924)
95 years since the release of the novel K. Fedin "Cities and Years"(1924)
90 years since the publication of the tale K. I. Chukovsky "Aybolit"(1929)
90 years since the creation E. M. Remarque of the novel "All Quiet on the Western Front"(1929)
90 years since the creation of the novel "A Farewell to Arms!" E. Hemingway(1929)
90 years story Boris Pilnyak "Mahogany"(1929)
85 years stories of a Russian writer K. Paustovsky "Colchis"(1934 g.)
85 years since the publication of the fairy tale "Mary Poppins" by Pamela Travers(1934 g.)
80 years a novel by a French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery "Planet of the people"(1939)
80 years since the publication of the story R. I. Fraerman "Wild Dog Dingo, or the Story of First Love"(1939)
80 years since the writing of a fairy tale "The Wizard of the Emerald City" A. M. Volkov(1939)
80 years since the publication of the story A.P. Gaidar "The Fate of the Drummer"(1939)
80 years since the publication of fairy tales P. P. Bazhova "Malachite box"(1939)
80 years since the release of the story K. G. Paustovsky "Meshcherskaya side"(1939)
75 years since the creation L. A. Kassil story "My dear boys"(1944)
75 years since the release of the novel V. A. Kaverin "Two Captains"(1944)
75 years since the publication of the collection of stories and fairy tales "The Magic Word" by V. A. Oseeva(1944)
70 years since the creation Leo Kassil together with Max Polyanovsky story "Street of the youngest son"(1949)
70 years since the publication of the collection "Poems for Children" by Agnia Barto(1949)
70 years since publication Dictionary of the Russian language by S. I. Ozhegov(1949)
65 years Daniil Granin "The Seekers"(1954)
65 years since the writing of the story NN Nosova "The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends"(1954)
65 years Astrid Lindgren "Mio, my Mio!"(1954)
60 years since the publication of the novel Arkady and Boris Strugatsky "The Land of Crimson Clouds"(1959)
60 years since the release of the novel W. Faulkner's "Mansion"(1959)
60 years since the publication of the novel K. M. Simonova "The Living and the Dead"(1959)
60 years since writing "Denis's stories" by V. Yu. Dragunsky(1959)
60 years since the publication of the story V. A. Oseeva "Dinka"(1959)
60 years since the publication of the book S. S. Smirnova "Brest Fortress"(1959)
55 years since the publication of the novel K. M. Simonova "Soldiers are not born"(1964)
55 years since the publication of the story L. A. Kassilya "Get ready, your highness!"(1964)
50 years since the publication of the story B. L. Vasilieva "And the dawns here are quiet ..."(1969)
50 years since the publication of the novel Yu. V. Bondareva "Hot Snow"(1969)
45 years since the creation of the story B. L. Vasilyeva "Not on the lists"(1974)
45 years since the trilogy was published V. P. Krapivina "Boy with a sword"(1972-1974)
45 years stories of a Russian writer V. Rasputin "Live and Remember"(1974)
40 years since the release of the collection of poems, fairy tales and plays "Count" by Boris Zakhoder(1979)
25 years since the writing of the novel D. Granin "Flight to Russia"(1994)
20 years since the creation of the novel "Bermuda Triangle" Yu. V. Bondarev(1999)
15 years since the release of the novels Dmitry Yemets "Tanya Grotter and the boots of the centaur" and "Tanya Grotter and Poseidon's Well"(2004)
Anniversaries of writers 2018-2019
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190th anniversary of the birth of L.N. Tolstoy (1828-1910), Russian p the source 100th anniversary of the birth of B.V. Zakhoder (1918-2000), children's poet, writer, translator |
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100th anniversary of the birth of V.A. Sukhomlinsky (1918-1970), teacher |
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80 years since the birth of Vladislav Petrovich Krapivin (1938), Russian writer |
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100th anniversary of the birth of A.A. Galich (Ginzburg), poet, playwright (1918-1977) |
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200th anniversary of the birth of I.S. Turgenev (1818-1883), Russian writer |
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160th anniversary of the birth of Selma Lagerlef (1858-1940), Swedish writer, author of the fairy tale "The Journey of Niels with the Wild Geese" |
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110th anniversary of the birth of N.N. Nosov (1908-1976), children's writer |
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100th anniversary of the birth of A.I. Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), Russian writer and publicist |
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90th anniversary of the birth of Chingiz Aitmatov, writer (1928 - 2008) |
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95th anniversary of the birth of Ya.L. Akim (1923-2013), Russian poet |
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160th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, director, theater worker (1858-1943) |
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100th anniversary of the birth of the writer D. Granin (Herman) (1919 - 2017) |
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260th birth anniversary of R. Burns, Scottish poet (1759-1796) |
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140th anniversary of the birth of P.P. Bazhov, writer (1879-1950) |
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125th anniversary of the birth of V. Bianchi, writer (1894-1959) |
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250th anniversary of the birth of I.A. Krylov, writer (1789-1844) |
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120th anniversary of the birth of Yu.K. Olesha, writer (1899-1960) |
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90th anniversary of the birth of F. Iskander, writer (1929-2016) |
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140th anniversary of the birth of A. Einstein, German physicist (1879-1955) |
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130th anniversary of the birth of A. Vertinsky, poet, prose writer, pop artist (1889-1957) |
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80 years since the birth of V.M. Voskoboinikov, writer, (1939) |
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160th anniversary of the birth of AK. Doyle, English writer (1859-1930) |
Anniversary books 2018
665 years (1353) - "The Decameron" by G. Boccaccio was written (published in 1470)
485 years old (1533) - "Gargantua and Pantagruel" F. Rable
425 years old (1593) - "The Taming of the Shrew" by W. Shakespeare
275 years (1743) - odes "Morning Meditation on the Majesty of God" and "Evening Meditation on the Majesty of God in the Occasion of the Great Northern Lights" by MV Lomonosov
210 years (1808) - "Faust" (part 1) by J.W. Goethe
200 Years (1818) - Childe Harold's Pilgrimage by J. Byron
195 Years (1823) - "The Pioneers" by D.F. Cooper
190 years old (1828) - "Poltava" by A.S. Pushkin
180 Years (1838) - The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Wild Swans, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling by H. K. Andersen
180 years (1838) - "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young oprichnik and daring merchant Kalashnikov" by M.Yu. Lermontov
175 years old (1843) - "The Golden Beetle" by E. Poe
170 years (1848) - "White Nights" by F.M. Dostoevsky
170 Years (1848) - Dombey and Son by Charles Dickens
160 years (1858) - "The Scarlet Flower" by S.T.Aksakov
160 years (1858) - "Asya" by I.S. Turgenev
155 years (1863) - The first volume of the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by V. I. Dal was published
155 years old (1863) - “What to do? From stories about new people "N.G. Chernyshevsky
155 years old (1863) - "Prince Silver" by A.K. Tolstoy
150 Years (1868) - Children of Captain Grant by Jules Verne
150 years (1868) - "The Idiot" by F.M. Dostoevsky
145 years old (1873) - "The Enchanted Wanderer" by NS Leskov
145 years old (1873) - "Russian women" by N.A. Nekrasov
140 years (1878) - "Without a family" G. Malo
140 Years (1878) - "Treasure Island" by R. Stevenson
135 Years (1883) - "Treasure Island" by R.L. Stevenson
135 years old (1883) - "Gutta-percha boy" by D.V. Grigorovich
120 Years (1898) - War of the Worlds by H. Wells
115 years old (1903) - "After the Ball" by Leo Tolstoy
110 years (1908) - "The Blue Bird" by M. Maeterlinck
105 years old (1913) - "Childhood" by M. Gorky
100 Years (1918) - "Twelve" by A. Blok
95 years old (1923) - "Moidodyr" by K.I. Chukovsky
95 years old (1923) - "Scarlet Sails" by A. Green
90 years old (1928) - "Amphibian Man" by A. Belyaev
90 years (1928) - "Lesnaya Gazeta" by V.V. Bianchi
90 years old (1928) - "Three Fat Men" by Yu.K. Olesha
90 years old (1928) - "Little Children" (in subsequent editions "From 2 to 5") by K. Chukovsky
90 years old (1928) - "Who to be?" V.V. Mayakovsky
90 years old (1928) - "Twelve Chairs" by I. Ilf and E. Petrov
85 years old (1933) - "The Tale of the Military Secret" by A. Gaidar was published in Pionerskaya Pravda on April 5-11
80 years old (1938) - "Flags on the Towers" by A. Makarenko
80 years old (1938) - "Military Secret" by A. Gaidar
80 years old (1938) - "Cheremysh - brother of a hero" by L. A. Kassil
80 years old (1938) - "Three comrades" by E.M. Remark
75 years old (1943) - "The Little Prince" by A. de Saint-Exupery
75 years (1943) - "Dark alleys" by I. A. Bunin
70 years (1948) - "The Tale of Lost Time" by E. Schwartz
70 years old (1948) - "Kortik" by A.N. Rybakova
135 years ago, the first Pushkin holiday took place in Moscow
On June 5, 1880, the first Pushkin holiday in Russian history began in Moscow. It lasted four days. The organization of the celebrations was undertaken by the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, Moscow University and the Moscow City Duma. A program for the Pushkin Days was drawn up, which included, in addition to the opening of the monument, public meetings of the Society, literary and musical evenings, speeches by famous cultural figures, especially famous writers, gala dinners with speeches and toasts.
The celebration began with the opening of the Pushkin exhibition in the premises of the Noble Assembly. A festive reception was held in the hall of the Moscow City Duma, which was attended by more than 250 people who arrived from different parts of Russia. Among the distinguished guests were a member of the royal family, Prince of Oldenburg, Governor-General Dolgorukov, children of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin with their families. The writers Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Alexander Ostrovsky, the famous Slavophile-publicist Ivan Aksakov, literary critic of liberal views Pavel Annenkov, writer and critic Nikolai Strakhov, historian Vasily Klyuchevsky, composer Nikolai Rubinstein and many others came to honor the memory of the great Russian poet.
To celebrate the Day of the Russian language, the date was set on June 6. This is the birthday of Alexander Pushkin, the great writer, poet and playwright. In addition, Pushkin is considered the creator of the modern literary Russian language.
Russian language - one of the largest languages in the world, is the most widespread of the Slavic languages, the most widespread European language in a geographical sense, and in terms of the total number of speakers, it ranks in the top ten world languages. According to the latest data, there are more than 150 million Russian speakers in the world, more than 100 million speak Russian as a second language. Besides the Russian Federation, Russian is the official language of some CIS countries, as well as Abkhazia and South Ossetia. It also remains the language of informal communication in the countries of the former USSR. It is interesting that spoken Russian is compulsorily studied by all cosmonauts who are to work on the International Space Station. On the Day of the Russian Language, various events are held in the building of the UN General Assembly. In particular, these are concerts of Slavic folk music, competitions for the knowledge of the Russian language and literature, exhibitions of works of art, lectures, film demonstrations and express lessons.
The oldest libraries in the world were the first clay catalogs of Sumerian literature, the Ashurbanipal library, the library of the Edfu temple in Egypt. In Athens, large private libraries were owned by Euripides, Plato, Aristotle, Demosthenes, Euclid, Euthydemus. The first public Greek library was founded in Athens by Pasistratus. The eighth wonder of the world - the Library of Alexandria - included over 700,000 scrolls of handwritten books. Government officials in Alexandria confiscated all books imported into the country and sent them to the library with the label "from ships." The city's rulers imposed a ban on the export of papyrus to stem the explosive growth of the Rhodes library. According to legend, books from Alexandria were kept in the disappeared library of Ivan the Terrible.
A characteristic feature of Roman libraries is their location in country villas. Private libraries in the 2nd-1st centuries BC. were at Emilius Paul (based on the library of the Macedonian king Perseus), Sulla (based on the library of Aristotle), Lucullus (based on the library of the Pontic king Mithridates VI Eupator), Varro, Cicero, Atticus, Virgil. The first public library in Rome was created by Gaius Azinius Pollio in the 1st century. BC.
By the middle of the 17th century, central government institutions were created in Russia - orders under which, by state decree or order in the field of librarianship, special departmental libraries were organized. One of the most significant libraries was the Library of the Order of the Printing House (Typographic Library), created in the early 17th century.
State reforms in the field of politics, economics, culture and education, carried out in Russia in the first quarter of the 18th century by Emperor Peter I, were of great importance for the development of libraries. The most important event in the field of librarianship during the reign of Peter I was the establishment in 1714 in St. Petersburg of the first state scientific library in Russia, which was founded simultaneously with the Kunstkamera. Both of these institutions were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Academy of Sciences, founded in 1724. The creation of a fundamental library met the urgent needs of the socio-political and cultural life of Russia and had a great influence on the subsequent development of librarianship.
The library was replenished mainly due to private collections, the transfer of the fund from some Orders, purchases and exchange with foreign scientific institutions. And also due to the obligatory copy of the literature printed in the printing house. The library fund could be used not only by academicians, but also by other scientists, statesmen and representatives of the nobility.
Libraries are repositories of human memory, the main source of information - from ancient manuscripts to electronic resources. As Academician D. Likhachev said, "Libraries are most important in culture ... as long as the library is alive, the people are alive, if it dies, the past and the future will die."
On May 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture. The holiday is known as the day of remembrance of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the holy brothers equal to the apostles Cyril and Methodius. In Russia, the holiday was revived in 1986, and in 1991, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation No. 568-1, it received the status of a state one. Officially, this is not a day off, but various festivals, concerts and other events dedicated to this holiday are held.
Every year on May 25, Russia celebrates the Day of the Philologist. This date is professional holiday for everyone who but somehow connected with philology - graduates and teachers of philological faculties, teachers of the Russian language and literature, library workers, translators and simply connoisseurs of their native language and literature.
Philology(from the Greek φιλολογία, "love of the word") - a field of knowledge that studies written texts and, on the basis of their content, linguistic and stylistic analysis - the history and essence of the spiritual culture of a given society. Philology is believed to have originated in Ancient India and Greece. In this regard, the philology of the Greek, Latin and Sanskrit languages is called classical philology.
In the 17-18 centuries, philology developed as a science that studies ancient culture (language, literature, history, philosophy, art in their interconnection).
Over time, the concept of philology has changed: philology began to be understood as a set of sciences that study the culture of the people, expressed in language and literary creativity. Therefore, modern philologists work in many areas of history, linguistics and literature, make a great contribution to the field of education and research of historical values. The importance of their profession for society can hardly be overestimated.
January
3 - 125 years since the birth of Tolkien (Tolkien) (1892-1973), English writer, philosopher, historian of language, author of fairy tales "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings".
4 - 205th birthday of E.P. Rostopchina (1812 - 1858), poet, writer. The poet PA Vyazemsky called her "Moscow Sappho".
6 (?) - 605 years of Jeanne D "Arc (about 1412 - 1431), French military leader
6 - 145th anniversary of the birth of A.N. Skryabin (1872-1915), Russian composer
6 - 130th anniversary of the birth of II Golikov (1887-1915), Russian master of Palekh miniature, founder of Palekh art.
9 - 220th anniversary of the birth of F.P. Wrangel (1797-1870), Russian traveler, admiral, one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society. Was born in Pskov.
12 -110th anniversary of the birth of S.P. Korolev (1907-1966), an outstanding scientist and designer in the field of rocketry and astronautics.
13 - Day of the Russian Press
15 - 395 years since the birth of Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poclein) (1622-1673), French playwright, creator of the genre of the so-called high comedy.
16 - 150th anniversary of the birth of V.V. Veresaev (1867-1945), Russian prose writer, literary critic.
18 -135 years since the birth of Alan Alexander Milne (1882-1956), English humorist writer, playwright, classic of English children's literature.
23 -185 years since the birth of Edouard Monet (1832-1883), French impressionist painter.
24 - 285 years since the birth of Auguste Caron de Beaumarchais (1732-1799), French playwright.
25 - 185 years since the birth of I.I.Shishkin (1832-1898), Russian painter, master of landscape.
27 - 185 years since the birth of Lewis Carroll (1832-1898), English writer, professor of mathematics at Oxford University.
28 - 120 years since the birth of V.P. Kataev (1897-1986), Russian writer.
31 - 220 years since the birth of F. Schubert (1797 - 1828), the great composer
***
180 years ago(1837) A.S. Pushkin's duel with Dantes took place on the Black River.
170 years ago(1847) in the journal "Sovremennik" in the first issue was published an essay by IS Turgenev "Khor and Kalinych".
75 years ago(1942) K. Simonov's poem "Wait for me" was published in the newspaper "Pravda".
February
2 - 75 years ago, Daniil Kharms (1905-1942), a Russian writer, died in prison.
7 - 205 years since the birth of Charles Dickens (1812-1870), a classic of English literature.
8 - Day of Remembrance of the Young Anti-Fascist Hero
9 - 130 years since the birth of V.I. Chapaev (1887-1919), the legendary hero of the Civil War.
10 - Day of Commemoration of A.S. Pushkin. 180 years from the date of death (1799-1837).
20 - 165 years since the birth of N. Garin (N. G. Mikhailovsky) (1852-1906), Russian writer.
25 - 105th anniversary of the birth of V.V. Sanaev (1912 - 1996), Russian actor
26 -215th anniversary of the birth of Victor Hugo (1802-1885), French writer.
27 - 85th birthday anniversary of Elizabeth Taylor (1932 - March 23, 2011), American actress
165 years ago(1852) the opening of the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg took place.
140 years ago(1877) the premiere of PI Tchaikovsky's ballet "Swan Lake" took place.
March
6 - 80 years since the birth (1937) of V.V. Tereshkova, the first female cosmonaut.
15 - 80 years since the birth of V.G. Rasputin (1937), Russian writer
24 - 235 years since the birth of O.A. Kiprensky (1782-1836), Russian portrait painter and graphic artist, representative of romanticism.
24 -140 years since the birth of A.S. Novikov-Priboy (1877-1944), Russian writer.
27 - 90 years since the birth of M.L. Rostropovich (1927-2007), an outstanding cellist and conductor.
27 - International Theater Day
31 - 135 years since the birth of K.I. Chukovsky (1882-1969), Russian writer, critic, literary critic.
***
95 years ago(1922) the former family estate of the Hannibals-Pushkins became the State Memorial Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin (v. Mikhailovskoe, Pskov region).
April
10 -80 years since the birth of B.A. Akhmadulina (1937), Russian poet.
12 - 90 years since the birth of Harper Lee (1927), American writer.
15 - 565 years since the birth of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), the brilliant Italian painter, scientist of the Renaissance.
22
- 110 years since the birth of IA Efremov (1907-1972), Russian science fiction writer, author of the socio-philosophical novel "The Andromeda Nebula" - 55 years since its publication (1957).
28
-110th anniversary of the birth of Z.I. Voskresenskaya (1907-1992), Russian writer.
75 years ago(1942) the legendary ace pilot A.I. Maresyev (1916-2001).
May
16 - 130th anniversary of the birth of Igor Severyanin (1887-1941), Russian modernist poet, translator, memoirist.
22 -145 years since the birth of Teffi (N.A. Lokhvitskaya) (1872-1952), poetess, writer of the Russian diaspora.
28 - 140th anniversary of the birth of M.A. Voloshin (1877-1932), Russian poet, critic, artist.
29 -230 years since the birth of K.N.Batyushkov (1787-1855), Russian poet-lyric poet, representative of sentimentalism.
29 - 120th anniversary of the birth of I.S. Sokolov-Mikitov (1892-1975), Russian writer.
June
1 - 85 years since the birth of B.A. Mozhaev (1932-1996), Russian writer, publicist.
9 - 345 years since the birth of Peter I the Great (1672-1725), Russian emperor, statesman.
15 - 150th anniversary of the birth of K.D. Balmont (1867-1942), Russian poet, critic, representative of Symbolism in Russian poetry.
18 -205 years since the birth of I.A. Goncharov (1812-1891), Russian writer.
18 - 75 years since the birth of D.P. McCartney (1942), English musician, one of the legendary "Beatles"
20 - 90 years since the birth of V.M.Kotenochkin (1927 - 2000), Russian animator, director of "Well, wait!"
20 - 85 years since the birth of R. I. Rozhdestvensky (1932-1994) Russian poet.
28 - 305 years since the birth of Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), French writer and philosopher of the Enlightenment, a representative of sentimentalism.
28 - 95 years ago, V. Khlebnikov (1885-1922), a Russian poet, theorist of futurism, died.
***
July
1 - 110 years since the birth of VT Shalamov (1907-1982), Russian writer, poet, author of "Kolyma stories".
7 - 130th anniversary of the birth of M.Z. Chagall (1887-1985), Russian artist.
24 - 105 years since the birth of N.O. Gritsenko (1912 - 1979), Soviet actor, People's Artist of the RSFSR and the USSR, Laureate of State Prizes of the RSFSR and the USSR.
29 -200 years since the birth of P.K. Aivazovsky (1817-1900), Russian marine painter.
31 - 80 years since the birth of E.S. Piekha, pop singer
***
August
8 - 90 years since the birth of Yu.P. Kazakov (1927-1982), Russian writer.
17 - 75th anniversary of the birth of M.M. Magomayev (1942 - 2008), Azerbaijani singer, People's Artist of the USSR
19 - 145 years since the birth of M.F. Kshesinskaya (1872-1971), Russian ballerina
19 - 80 years since the birth of A.V. Vampilov (1937-1972), Russian playwright, author of the plays "Duck Hunt", "Elder Son", etc.
20 - 85 years since the birth of V.P. Aksenov (1932-2009), Russian writer.
29 - 155 years since the birth of Maurice Maeterlinck (1862-1949), Belgian writer, playwright, philosopher, Nobel Prize winner (1911).
September
5 - 200 years since the birth of AK Tolstoy (1817-1875), Russian poet, writer, playwright, author of the historical novel "Prince Silver".
8 - Day of Military Glory. Battle of Borodino (1812)
10 - 110 years since the birth of V.I. Nemtsov (1907-1993), Russian science fiction writer.
11 -135 years since the birth of B.S. Zhitkov (1882-1938), Russian children's writer.
11 -80 years since the birth (1937) of Joseph Kobzon, pop singer.
17 -160 years since the birth of K.E. Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), an outstanding Russian scientist and inventor, the founder of modern cosmonautics.
21 - 70 years since the birth (1947) of Stephen King, American writer.
21 - Day of Military Glory. Victory of Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380)
25 -225 years since the birth of II Lazhechnikov (1792-1869), Russian writer, author of the novels "Ice House", "Basurman"
***
75 years ago(1942) the publication of the poem by AT Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" began, which is considered to this day the best poem about a soldier of the Great Patriotic War.
October
1 - 105th anniversary of the birth of L.N. Gumilyov (1912 - 1992), Russian historian, geographer, author of the work "Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere of the Earth"
4 - 60 years ago (1957) our country launched the world's first artificial Earth satellite. The beginning of the space age.
7 - 65 years old Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (1952), Russian statesman
8 - 125th anniversary of the birth of M.I. Tsvetaeva (1892-1941), Russian poetess.
9 - 470 years since the birth of M. Cervantes (1547-1616), Spanish writer of the Renaissance.
31 - 115 years since the birth of E. A. Permyak (1902-1982), Russian writer.
60 years ago(1957) a film directed by M. Kalatozov "The Cranes Are Flying", which was recognized as one of the best films in world cinema, was released on the screens of the country. At the Cannes Film Festival in 1958, the film was awarded the Palme d'Or.
November
2 - 220 years since the birth of A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky (1797 - 1837), Russian prose writer, poet, critic, Decembrist.
3 -130 years since the birth of S.Ya. Marshak (1887-1964), Russian poet, translator, classic of children's literature.
6 - 165 years since the birth of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak (1852-1912), Russian writer.
14 - 110th anniversary of the birth of Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002), a famous Swedish writer, author of 87 books translated into 76 languages of the world.
THE CALENDAR
SIGNIFICANT
AND MEMORABLE DATES
FOR 2008.
Public
political dates
Tyumen
Compiled by
Computer typing
Shumkova S.G., Ch. librarian of the IBO CGB
Editor
Dolgaleva I.M., Ch. librarian of the Central City Hospital
Decor
Zaikina O.V., Ch. librarian OBRiD Central City Hospital
Responsible for the release
Yushchenko T.V., deputy. Director of the Central City Hospital
THE CALENDAR
^ SIGNIFICANT AND MEMORABLE DATES
FOR 2008
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DATES
INTRODUCTION
The Calendar of Significant and Memorable Dates is a bibliographic reference book that combines information about the most important historical events, about the life and work of famous heroes of the day who have contributed to the development of world science.
In this calendar of significant and memorable dates, a brief annotation of any event is given. In addition, the calendar includes departmental and professional holidays, historical and Orthodox, as well as not yet completely forgotten Soviet memorable dates. The "Calendar" also contains information about historical events, about journals, anniversaries, personalities, anniversaries, whose dates of birth are unknown.
The calendar is intended for librarians, teachers, cultural workers, media workers and for everyone who is interested in the history of Russia.
^ JANUARY
115th anniversary of the birth of Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov (1893 - 1941), Soviet military leader.
January 4 365th anniversary of the birth of Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727), English physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He discovered the laws of universal gravitation, decomposition of light, cooling of a heated body and resistance to motion in a viscous fluid, formed the basic laws of mechanics, etc. The peak of his work is the fundamental work "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" (1687).
January 12 Day of the employee of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. The Day of Workers of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation has been celebrated since 1996 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 1995 "On the Establishment of the Day of the Worker of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation"
January 13 Day of the Russian Press. The day of the Russian press was announced by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation in December 1991. The date was chosen in honor of the publication on January 13, 1703 in Moscow of the first Russian newspaper - "Vedomosti on military and new affairs worthy of knowledge and memory."
January 21, Day of the Engineering Troops. The Day of the Engineering Troops of the Russian Federation has been celebrated since 1997 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 18.09.96 "On Establishing the Day of Engineering Troops", which is prescribed to be celebrated annually on January 21
January 22 100th anniversary of the birth of Lev Davydovich Landau (1908 - 1968), Soviet physicist. Landau created a numerous school of theoretical physicists. He worked in various fields: solid state physics, atomic nucleus and elementary particles; physics of plasma, quantum electrodynamics, astrophysics, etc. Developed theories: electronic diamagnetism of metals (1930), antiferromagnetism (1933), etc. In 1940-1965, together with E.M. Lifshitz, published a fundamental course in theoretical physics, for which he received the Lenin Prize in 1962. Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946). He was awarded the USSR State Prize three times (1946, 1049, 1953). Nobel laureate (1962).
Day of Military Glory of Russia. Lifting the blockade of Leningrad (1944)
January 28 155 years since the birth of Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov (1853-1900), Russian philosopher and poet. Having entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University, Soloviev soon left there and passed the candidate exams in the History and Philology, and then attended the Theological Academy for a year. His defense of his master's thesis in 1874 "The Crisis of Western Philosophy (Against Positivism") caused a wide public response. The Solov'ev system is based on the doctrine of total-unity as a perfect ontological synthesis of truth, goodness and beauty. Comprehended only by integral knowledge that combines the mystical, religious and empirical.
315 years since the birth of Anna Ioannovna (1693 - 1740), the Russian empress.
January 30 165 years since the establishment of the city post office in St. Petersburg (1843). The creation of a city post office in St. Petersburg, and two years later in Moscow (1845) completed the initiated process of centralization of postal services, simplified the use of postal services and created conditions for the emergence of postal exchange not only between cities, but also within the city.
^ FEBRUARY
February 2 Day of Military Glory of Russia. Victory over Nazi troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943).
7 February 530th anniversary of the birth of Thomas More (1478 - 1535), English statesman. Mor gained world fame thanks to his book "Utopia". Mora's work is dedicated to the description of the ideal state on the island of Utopia. Mora's "Utopia" played an important role in the development of socialist ideas.
February 8 Day of Russian Science. The Day of Russian Science was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 7, 1999 to commemorate the 275th anniversary of the founding of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1724.
February 10 Diplomatic Worker Day. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1279 dated October 31, 2002, the day of the diplomatic worker is celebrated on February 10
90 years since the introduction of the new calendar in Russia (1918).
15 February Day of Remembrance of Soldiers-Internationalists. Day of Remembrance for Internationalist Soldiers in Russia is celebrated on February 15, the day of the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan in 1989.
February 16 115th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Nikolaevich Tukhachevsky (1893 - 1937), Soviet military leader.
19 February 535th anniversary of the birth of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer. Even in his early youth, the scientist conceived the idea of transforming astronomical science. For thirty-three years he worked on his main book, which established the heliocentric theory of the planetary system. In it, he argued that our planet is not the center of the Universe, but itself moves around the Sun.
February 21, 280 years since the birth of Peter III (1728 - 1762), the Russian emperor. During the six months of his reign, he managed to issue a significant number of legislative acts, including the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility and the Decree on the secularization of church land ownership. In the country, he began to introduce consistently Prussian orders. The policy of Peter III was not supported by Russian society and was perceived as a betrayal of national interests.
22 February International Day in Support of Victims of Crime. On this day, February 22, 1990, the Government of England published the "Charter of Victims of Crime".
220th anniversary of the birth of Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860), German philosopher. The main work of Schopenhauer "The World as Will and Representation", the first and third books of which are devoted to the world as an idea, and the second and fourth to the world as a will. Schopenhauer's philosophy had a significant impact on the development of German and world philosophy.
23 February Defenders of the Fatherland Day. One of the days of Russia's military glory. Established by the Federal Law of 13.03.95 N 32-FZ "On the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia. The date of February 23 was chosen in honor of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops in Germany in 1918.
February 28 475 years since the birth of Michel Montaigne (1533 - 1592), French philosopher. In 1580, the first two books of his work "Experiments" were published. Four years later, Montaigne returned to his work, and two years later a complete edition of Experiments in three books was published (1588). More than three thousand works have been written about this work, which has passed through the centuries; people of different eras and countries turned to the "Experiences", finding in them abundant food for thought.
International Day Against Drug Addiction
March 12 145th anniversary of the birth of Vladimirov Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863 - 1945), Soviet thinker and naturalist. The name of the scientist is associated not only with the largest discoveries in mineralogy, crystallography, geology, biology, but also the emergence of new sciences: radiology, geochemistry, biogeochemistry, as well as entire scientific schools. Vernadsky became the founder and first president of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, organizer of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Russia. Vernadsky's ideas played an outstanding role in the formation of the modern scientific picture of the world.
March 13 120th anniversary of the birth of Anton Semenovich Makarenko (1888 - 1939), Soviet teacher and writer. The achievements of the educator-innovator were based on the use of the educational potential of the collective, on the combination of school education with productive labor, on the combination of trust in a person with exactingness. Makarenko's main work is "A Pedagogical Poem". The book is almost documentary.
March 16 Day of workers of trade, consumer services of the population and housing and communal services of the Russian Federation
150th anniversary of the birth of Rudolf Diesel (1858 - 1913), German engineer. In 1892, he presented calculations and theoretical substantiation of the idea of an internal combustion engine and received a patent for it. In 1897 Diesel was able to demonstrate the work of a working engine.
March 19 Day of the submariner. On this day, March 19, in 1906, Nicholas II issued a decree according to which submarines began to be considered an independent class of ships. Until 1917, the Submariner's Day was considered an official holiday in Russia. Now this day is celebrated by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral F.N. Gromova.
110 years since the opening of the State Russian Museum (1898). The Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III was opened for public viewing. The museum had three departments: art, ethnographic and historical and household.
March 21 World Earth Day. The holiday was proclaimed by the UN Secretary General in March 1971. Celebrated annually on the day of the vernal equinox. On this day, according to tradition, the Peace Bell rings.
240th anniversary of the birth of Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768 - 1830), French mathematician. Fourier's main works are related to the theory of heat and the theory of partial differential equations. He derived the heat water equation and developed methods for its integration, which laid the foundations for a new scientific discipline - mathematical physics. Author of works on mathematical statistics and probability theory.
March 22 World Water Day. The General Assembly declared March 22 World Water Day in December 1992.
24 March World Tuberculosis Day. Celebrated by the decision of the World Health Organization (WHO) on the day when the German microbiologist Robert Koch announced his discovery of the causative agent of tuberculosis.
150th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Nikolaevich Lange (1858 - 1921), Russian psychologist. The scientist entered the history of psychology as the author of the so-called motor theory of attention. The theory of attention highlights the external motor reactions of a person, which brings Lange's ideas closer to the reflex theory of the Russian physiologist I.M.Sechenov (1829-1905). Lange, having organized the first experimental laboratory in the country at Odessa University, is rightfully considered one of the founders of experimental psychology in Russia.
March 27 Day of the Russian Interior Troops. The Day of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 19.03.96 "On the establishment of the Day of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation".
International Theater Day. This holiday was established in Vienna at the XI Congress of the International Theater Institute (MIT) at UNESCO. Celebrated annually since 1962.
March 28, 265 years since the birth of Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova (1743 - 1810), an educator. In 1783 she became director of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. On her initiative, the Academy published the complete collected works of M. Lomonosov, republished "Description of the land of Kamchatka" by the traveler S. P. Krasheninnikov. At the academy, public courses in mathematics, physics, minerology were resumed. In 1773 - 1784 Dashkova was the head of the magazine "Interlocutor of lovers of the Russian word".
International bird day. On this day in 1906, the International Convention for the Protection of Birds was signed.
April 2 is International Children's Book Day. International Children's Book Day is celebrated annually on the birthday of the Danish storyteller Hans Christian Andersen.
April 7 World Health Day. On April 7, 1948, the Charter of the World Health Organization was adopted. World Health Day is celebrated on the day the World Health Organization (WHO) was founded.
Annunciation to the Most Holy Theotokos
April 12 World Aviation and Astronautics Day. All over the world, since the decision was made in November 1968 at the Congress of the International Federation of Aviation Sports, April 12 is celebrated as the World Day of Aviation and Astronautics
April 18 is the International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites. This Day was established in 1983 by the Assembly of the International Council for the Protection of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), created at UNESCO. Celebrated since April 18, 1984.
April 25 125th anniversary of the birth of Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (1883 - 1973), a Soviet military leader. Marshal of the Soviet Union, three times Hero of the Soviet Union, member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. He was awarded numerous orders and medals of the USSR.
April 29, 190th anniversary of the birth of Alexander II (Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov, 1818 - 1881), the Russian emperor.
90 years since the founding of the film company "Lenfilm" (1918). A film company in St. Petersburg, one of the largest in the Russian Federation. Among the films: "Chapaev", "Peter I", "The Rumyantsev Case" and others.
International Dance Day. International Dance Day is celebrated on the birthday of Jean Georges Novers. Jean Georges Novers (1727-1810), French choreographer, reformer and theorist of choreographic art. The holiday has been celebrated since 1982.
April 30 - Day of the Russian Fire Service. Today, the professional holiday of firefighters is celebrated on April 30, according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin (1999). On April 30, 1999, President Yeltsin signed a decree establishing a Fire Day.
May 1 145th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Nestorovich Speransky (1863 - 1938), a Soviet philologist. Speransky's research interests are the history of Russian literature and theater, Slavic studies and Byzantology, ethnography and folklore. The scientist is the leader in raising the question of the interpenetration of Russian, Bulgarian and Serbian literature.
Spring and Labour Day
May 2 105th anniversary of the birth of Benjamin MacLaine Spock (1903 - 1998), American educator. Spock believed that he embodied the ideas of the psychologist S. Freud and the philosopher D. Dewey. Spock believed that only common sense should be the basis of children's education.
May 3rd World Press Freedom Day. Celebrated annually since 1992 at the initiative of representatives of the independent press of African countries, approved by UNESCO. The Windhoek Declaration was signed on May 3, 1991
May 5 190th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx (1818 - 1883), a German social activist. Marx's work had a significant impact on the development of sociology, philosophy, political economy, being both an object of criticism and an object of inspiration. The main thing in Marx's teaching is the idea of a materialistic understanding of history.
International Day for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
May 6 100th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello (1908 - 1941), a Soviet pilot. Member of the Great Patriotic War (1941 - 1945). Killed while performing a military mission, posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Radonitsa. Radunitsa - 9th day from Easter - parental day, the day of special commemoration of the departed. On this day, it is customary to visit the cemetery and commemorate deceased relatives.
250th anniversary of the birth of Maximilian Marie Isidore Robespierre (1758 - 1794), French politician. In 1793 he directed the Convention. He proclaimed the ultimate goal of the revolution to build a new society, and considered terror to be the main means of achieving this goal.
^ May 15 International Family Day. International Day of the Family was established by the UN General Assembly in 1993.
May 17 is International Telecommunication Day. International Telecommunication Day has been celebrated since 1969 by decision of the session of the Governing Body of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
May 18 140th anniversary of the birth of Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov, 1868 - 1918), the Russian emperor.
International Museum Day. In 1977, at the 11th General Conference of the International Council of Museums in Moscow, on the initiative of the Soviet delegation, it was decided to establish this professional holiday.
International Space Day. International Day of Space was announced by American astronaut Andrew Thomas from the Mir orbital station in February 1998.
May 24 Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. The Day of Slavic Writing and Culture is celebrated on May 24, according to the calendar, the memory of Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril (Constantine) and Methodius.
May 25 Chemist's Day. The professional holiday of workers in the chemical industry was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 N 3018-X "On holidays and memorable days", as amended by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 01.11.88 N 9724-XI "On amendments to the legislation of the USSR on holidays and memorable days." Celebrated on the last Sunday in May.
Philologist's Day.
125th anniversary of the opening of the Historical Museum in Moscow (1883)
All-Russian Day of Libraries. The All-Russian Day of Libraries has been celebrated since 1995. On this day, in 1795, Empress Catherine II founded the Russian National Library.
May 28 Day of the border guard. The holiday, the Day of the Border Guard, was established by the Decree of the President of Russia on 23.05.94 "in order to revive the historical traditions of Russia and its border troops."
May 31 115th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Nikolaevich Tikhomirov (1893 - 1965), Soviet historian. Author of fundamental research on the history of ancient and medieval Russia, cultural history, source study, historiography. A significant place in the scientific heritage of Tikhomirov is occupied by works on the history of Moscow.
World No Tobacco Day. The World Health Organization declared May 31 as World No Tobacco Day in 1988.
785 years since the Battle of the Kalka River (1223).
June 1 is International Children's Day. International Children's Day was established in November 1949 by the decision of the session of the International Democratic Federation of Women. The first International Children's Day was held in 1950.
June 2, 185 years since the birth of Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov (1823 - 1900), Russian philosopher and sociologist. Lavrov's main area of interest is the problems of philosophy and ethics, as well as the history of social thought. At the center of Lavrov's philosophical system is a man "in his real unity, as a sentient and acting, as a willing and cognizant."
June 3, 165 years since the birth of Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev (1843 - 1920), a Russian naturalist. Timiryazev's works are devoted to the study of plant air nutrition - the process of photosynthesis. Timiryazev was one of the first propagandists of Charles Darwin's teachings in Russia.
170 years since the opening of the Tsarskoye Selo railway (1838).
June 4 170 years since the organization of the Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory (1838). The main direction of scientific work consisted in determining the coordinates of stars and astronomical constants, as well as discoveries and measurements of binary stars. In addition, the work of the observatory was associated with the geographical study of the territory of Russia and the development of navigation.
June 5 World Environment Day. On December 15, 1972, the General Assembly declared June 5 as World Environment Day, which will be held to increase public awareness of the need to preserve and improve the environment.
Ascension of the Lord
285th birthday of Adam Smith (1723 - 1790), Scottish economist and philosopher. In 1776 he published his main work, "A Study on the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations." The central mechanism of the economy Smith considered competition. In his book, Smith developed the question of the class structure of society, the most important categories of the labor theory of value. The economic doctrine of Smith had a great influence on the development of science. His ideas formed the foundation of classical political economy.
June 6 Pushkin Day in Russia. The Pushkin Day of Russia was formerly called the Pushkin Festival of Poetry - it has been celebrated since 1998 on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 05.21.97 "On the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin and the establishment of the Pushkin Day of Russia."
June 8 Day of Light Industry Workers. The professional holiday of workers in the light industry is celebrated on the second Sunday of June in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80. "On Holidays and Memorable Days".
June 12 is the Independence Day of Russia. State holiday of the Russian Federation - Day of Russia. Celebrated since 1994 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 06/02/94 "On the state holiday of the Russian Federation". On this day in 1990, the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Federation was adopted.
June 15 Medical Worker Day. The professional holiday of medical workers is celebrated on the third Sunday of June in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On holidays and memorable days."
Day of the Holy Trinity. Pentecost
June 19, 385 years since the birth of Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662), French mathematician, physicist, philosopher. Pascal's first mathematical treatise "Experience in the theory of conic sections" contained one of the main theorems of projective geometry, later named after the scientist. He was the first to accurately define and apply the method of the mathematical industry for proof. Developed a method for solving problems for calculating the areas of figures, volumes and areas of bodies. Together with G. Galileo and S. Stevin, Pascal is considered the founder of classical hydrostatics.
The beginning of the Petrov Lent
June 26 is the International Day against Drug Addiction and Drug Trafficking. In 1987, the UN General Assembly decided to celebrate June 26 every year as the International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, as a sign of its determination to strengthen action and cooperation in order to achieve the goal of creating an international drug-free society.
June 27 World Fishing Day. World Fishing Day has been celebrated annually since 1985. The World Day was established by the decision of the International Conference on the Regulation and Development of Fisheries, held in July 1984 in Rome.
June 28 Day of the inventor and innovator. The Day of the Inventor and Innovator is celebrated on the last Saturday of June on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On Holidays and Memorable Days".
5 July International Day of Cooperatives. International Day of Cooperatives is celebrated on the first Saturday in July. In 1992, the UN General Assembly proclaimed the first Saturday of July 1995 as the International Day of Cooperatives.
215 years since the birth of Pavel Ivanovich Pestel (1793 - 1826), Russian public figure. Member of illegal organizations of future Decembrists, author of a project of socio-economic transformations in Russia.
6 July Day of workers of the sea and river fleet. Day of workers of the sea and river fleet is celebrated on the first Sunday in July. The professional holiday was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On holidays and memorable days."
85th anniversary of the approval of the state emblem of the USSR (1923). The first State Emblem of the USSR was legislatively approved by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. On November 30, 1993, in connection with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the new State Emblem of the Russian Federation was approved as the official emblem.
July 10 90 years since the adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR (1918). The RSFSR Constitution of 1918 became the first Soviet constitution.
135 years since the birth of Mikhail Ivanovich Lavrov (1873 - 1904), Russian military leader. Lavrov is one of the first sailors to graduate from the Training Aeronautical Park of the military department and the author of the first projects for the creation of special ships with aeronautical equipment on board.
July 13 Fisherman's Day. Fisherman's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in July. The professional holiday was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On holidays and memorable days."
Russian Post Day. The Day of Russian Post was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 16.05.94 "On the Day of Russian Post" Celebrated on the second Sunday in July.
18 July 155 years since the birth of Hendrik Anton Lorenz (1853 - 1928), Dutch physicist. He is the creator of the electronic theory, on the basis of which he explained a number of important electrical and optical phenomena and predicted new ones. Lorentz developed the foundations of electrodynamics, derived a formula for determining the force (the so-called Lorentz force).
July 20 International Chess Day. For many years, since 1966, the world has celebrated World Chess Day on July 20. This holiday is held by the decision of FIDE - the World Chess Federation (founded in 1924).
July 27 Day of the Navy. Day of the Navy was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On Holidays and Memorable Days." Celebrated on the last Sunday in July.
Trade Worker Day
3 August Railwayman's Day. Railwayman's Day is celebrated on the first Sunday in August. The professional holiday was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On holidays and memorable days."
August 4 225 years since the signing of the Georgievsky treatise on the transfer of Georgia under the patronage of Russia (1783).
August 6 - Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation. The Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 19.07.96 "On the establishment of the Day of the Railway Troops of the Russian Federation."
On August 7, 205 years ago, Russian ships sailed around the world for the first time (1803). The first Russian round-the-world expedition left the Kronstadt fortress on two warships under the leadership of I.F.Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky.
August 9 Athlete's Day. Held on the second Sunday of August, it has been celebrated since 1962 with mass sports competitions, sports days.
August 10 Builder's Day. The professional holiday Builder's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in August. The holiday was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On holidays and memorable days".
August 12 Air Force Day. Day of the Air Force was established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 29.08.97 N 949 "On the establishment of the Day of the Air Force."
International Youth Day.
Honey Savior
The beginning of the Assumption Lent
August 15 130th anniversary of the birth of Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel (1878 - 1928), Russian military leader. One of the main leaders of the White Army during the Civil War.
17 August Air Fleet Day. Day of the Russian Air Fleet is celebrated on the third Sunday of August on the basis of the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation dated 09/28/92 "On the establishment of the holiday Day of the Russian Air Force."
245 years since the birth of Dmitry Nikolaevich Senyavin (1763 - 1831), Russian naval commander. In 1807, under the command of Senyavin, the Russian fleet carried out a blockade and destroyed the Turkish fleet, and a victory was also won in the Athos battle during the Russo-Turkish war.
The first All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition (1923) was opened 85 years ago.
22 August Day of the state flag of the Russian Federation. It was established by decree of the President of Russia on August 20, 1994
August 23 65 years since the end of the Battle of the Kursk Bulge (1943). One of the days of Russia's military glory. Installed in honor of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943).
August 24 85th anniversary of the birth of Viktor Mikhailov Glushkov (1923 - 1982), Soviet mathematician. Glushkov made a great contribution to the formation of the theory of automata, one of the central theoretical branches of cybernetics.
26 August 265th anniversary of the birth of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743 - 1794), French chemist. The founder of modern chemical science. Supporter of the materialistic views of the Enlightenment.
August 27 Russian Cinema Day. The Day of Cinema was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On Holidays and Memorable Days".
225 years ago, the merchant Shelikhov led an expedition to the shores of America (1783). He headed a research expedition with reconnaissance and commercial purposes to the shores of Alaska, conducted geographic surveys and founded the first Russian settlements of hunters-hunters.
August 31 Miner's Day. Miner's Day is celebrated on the last Sunday in August. The professional holiday was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 "On holidays and memorable days."
SEPTEMBER
1 September is the day of knowledge. The Day of Knowledge was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 N 3018-X "On holidays and memorable days", as amended. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 01.11.88 N 9724-XI "On amendments to the legislation of the USSR on holidays and memorable days."
World day of peace
5 September 440th anniversary of the birth of Tommaso Campanella (Giovanni Domenico), (1568 - 1639), Italian philosopher. He wrote dozens of essays on philosophy, politics, astronomy, medicine. Among them is his most famous work - "City of the Sun".
7 September Oil and Gas Industry Workers Day. The Day of Oil and Gas Industry Workers is celebrated on the first Sunday of September by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.80 N 3018-X "On Holidays and Memorable Days", as amended by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 01.11.88 N 9724-XI "On amendments to the legislation of the USSR on holidays and memorable days."
September 8 International Day of Solidarity of Journalists. The International Day of Solidarity of Journalists is celebrated by the decision of the IV Congress of the International Organization of Journalists, held in May 1958 in Bucharest in memory of the Czech journalist Julius Fucik, who was executed by the Nazis on September 8, 1943.
165 years since the birth of Dmitry Nikolaevich Anuchin (1843 - 1923), Russian anthropologist, ethnographer and archeologist. Author of scientific research in the field of general physical geography, regional studies, ethnography, archeology and history of science.
September 9, 75 years since the founding of the publishing house "Children's Literature" (1933). The largest publishing house in the USSR, which published books for children of preschool and school age, was created under the name "Detgiz" in accordance with the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) on the basis of the children's sector of the publishing house "Young Guard" and the school sector of the State Publishing House of Fiction.
World Beauty Day. International Day of Beauty is celebrated at the initiative of the International Committee of Aesthetics and Cosmetology Sidesco.
September 13 85 years since the birth of Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya (1923 - 1941), partisan of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union
155 years since the birth of Sophia Lvovna Perovskaya (1853 - 1881), a member of the Russian revolutionary movement. Perovskaya is a member of the secret organization of the "Land and Freedom" party of the populists, which aimed at overthrowing the monarchy by means of a peasant uprising.
September 15 180 years since the birth of Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828 - 1886), Russian chemist. Founder of the Russian scientific school of chemists. He created the largest Russian school of organic chemists. He also left works on agriculture and beekeeping.
On September 17, 235 years ago, a peasant uprising began under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev (1773).
September 20 230th anniversary of the birth of Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen (1778 - 1852), Russian navigator. In 1819 - 1821 he headed the first Russian round-the-world expedition to Antarctica, the purpose of which was to get as close as possible to the South Pole.
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Summary: Calendar of significant and memorable dates
Playing cards tattoo
Interesting logic When the network can draw water