Hello dear friends! Today we will continue to prepare for the USE in history and today we will move away from some theoretical materials and tasks and start talking about the materials required for self-preparation for the USE, third-party knowledge, and I will also teach you to solve tasks in history with a map) I will say right away that the material of this article and the actual following will be based on the most frequently asked questions, so perhaps in some moments you will be able to recognize yourself.

Do I need to know all the dates from pocket reference books and textbooks?

Often, people write to me with the question: “Ivan Sergeevich, I began to teach the XX century and I see a similar picture in textbooks that I should teach in order to write a test, because besides the last century, there are still periods that require attention and throw all my strength I can’t go to work with a purely Soviet history ?! ”

So, I answer for everyone) In fact, several years ago, FIPI published a mandatory list of dates and events for them, necessary for writing an examination paper. Now, for some reason, these materials from the packages with the demo are not applied, which is why such a fuss arises, but inquisitive and curious children =), provided that they crawl into the materials of past years for expert commissions, this list will be found. This year on the PDA this document was advised to us as didactic material and, accordingly, I am sharing it with you, here it is:

There is practically everything you need to know about the chronology of events ... with regard to dates, the exception, it seems to me, is only the revolutions of 1905-1907 / 1917, otherwise this table is complete and reflects all the events that need to be taken into account for a successful execution of USE tests in history.

How to work with a historical map?

Also, "a sore subject", although the material in the form of maps is in the public domain, the children are perplexed: "How to work with this at all?" I explain 🙂

First of all, you stomp to this article and download a package of maps to your computer. Then, if you are too lazy to delve into the USE reference books of past years and a ton of information related to this, download this selection:

• Basic historical maps for completing tasks # 29-32

Historical map quest bank: 1200 quests:

How to work with it? I warn you, it is recommended to start this "procedure" only for those who are already fumbling about something in history, and for the guys who follow our lessons, this item should not be read further, and for those who are already in the subject, download a document for themselves, it contains all tasks with a map of the USE options from past years. There are about 1200 tasks, do not download from your phone, everything will hang 😀

Workshop on parsing cards

Here you are presented with an outline map, which must be printed out and filled in accordingly, if this is not difficult for you, go to map number 2. With the successful completion of all the cards and filling out about 70% of the information on them, you can start working with the bank itself, provided, I repeat, that you also have knowledge of the course in your head.

What to do if everything is bad?))) Information from the geography lessons from the maps presented above is ENOUGH to successfully write any history test! The conclusion is obvious - to teach, dear friends! Sit down. you print yourself a dozen of these cards, find the location of each object on the Internet SAAAMI, sketch it out, cram it, then take a second card and try to fill it in as a memory, there are mistakes, it doesn't matter, you check, correct, take card number 3, and so on .. .At the same time, you will tighten the geography and cure cretinism, and then proceed to the bank.

Clear strategy and solutions for business leadership symbol with a straight path to success as a journey choosing the right strategic path for business with blank yellow traffic signs cutting through a maze of tangled roads and highways.

First task

What to do with it? Take for yourself the first 4 cards - 20 tasks, take a piece of paper and decide based on your knowledge (I warned you)

How to solve such tasks ?? Instructions "for the little ones" on the example of a real CMM task 🙂

So, before us is some kind of "mess" according to the version, I am sure, 80% of the readers of our site) Let's see what is here and how ... first I will give a clear algorithm of actions when working with tasks of this type:

1. Look at the map legend and use it to identify key points
2. Find (if any) on the date map
3.1. In the case of a clear position on the map of some kind of war / campaign / displacement, select "control points" to identify the event
3.2. In case of an explicit definition of any boundaries, pay attention: to the border territories / the name of our state on the map (this can help with determining the period) / other unnatural objects (any arrows and dots)

We follow the algorithm:
1. We look here, this plate is called the “legend of the card”, what can be extracted from it?

• Here is shown Russia in the period of fragmentation, tk. key word - PRINCIPLES
• Borders do not give us anything yet ...
• But let's pay attention to the siege of cities, they besieged the cities:

Kozelsk will obviously say something to sensible boys and girls, but we have a few more points))

Point 2. Let's try to find the date on the map ... bummer, there is no such thing 🙁 Sadly, let's move on ((

Point 3. Let's try to select control points based on arrows on the map. Which side are the troops coming from? And you will find out the answer only after advertising ... just kidding 😀 From the East, of course!

Let's group: the siege of Kozelsk, Kolomna, Suzdal, the call is clearly not for tea in Moscow, the troops are coming from the East - of course, this is Batu's campaign against Russia!

Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram with the number "1".

• Here, only knowledge of those contour maps will help you ... Suzdal was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal Prince, which is still not on the map. It is logical that Vladimir is hiding under "1".

Write the number that designates the capital of the land where the republican form of government existed during this campaign.

• Here, purely knowledge of the map and the course itself of the past lessons from our site, intelligent children will immediately name Novgorod and, according to the knowledge of the contour map, determine the point "2"

Another tip is to pay attention immediately to task 32, since there you can get “answer options” for working with this task.

Profile assignment with a map

What judgments regarding the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested.
1) the conquerors invaded the borders of Russia in the winter period - this can also give an idea 🙂
2) none of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week
3) the campaign, indicated by arrows on the diagram, lasted about three years - as if, too, in any way: /
4) one of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state - well, nothing will help us here: /
5) as a result of the events indicated in the diagram, the Russian lands fell into dependence - this may suggest an idea 🙂
6) the commander, whose campaign is indicated in the diagram, is the founder of the state - the founder of the state is either Rurik or Oleg, this is nonsense, since the period of fragmentation, respectively, apart from the Horde Khan Batu, there are no options for work

As you can see, only 3 events fit together at one time, the rest are somehow chaotically scattered throughout the history, which should not be, so also keep in mind the variant of the "lifebuoy" number 32

Preparation for the exam and exam

Secondary general education

UMK line I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

USE in history: we analyze assignments with a teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist of the corporation "Russian textbook" *,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half of the success (if not more) in the exam in history and social studies depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed typical tasks. It is the disassembled tasks, and not just completed ones. At the same time, it is important to inscribe events, processes, phenomena of national history in the context of general history, establishing links between various social phenomena and processes. "

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, teacher of history and social studies of the 1st category, work experience as a teacher for 5 years, graduate of the Faculty of History of the Moscow State Pedagogical University named after IN AND. Lenin, Ph.D. in History:“The unified state examination in history consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 involve detailed answers. Let's take a look at the performance of these tasks. The apparent simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can't count on luck. "

1. In the first task, it is supposed to arrange in chronological order the events related to national and world history:

1) Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor

2) The proclamation of Charlemagne as emperor

3) Accession of Crimea to the Russian Empire

It would be nice to know the dates here: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such vivid events in history are well remembered at least in chronological order.

2. In the second task, you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again it is necessary to know the dates, at least to imagine - about the era of the reign of which politician in question. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the exclusion method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Russia is firmly known by any schoolchild who passes the exam in history - 988. The decree "on free farmers" is also a chrestomatien - 1803, the abolition of parochialism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence - 1988

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations not related to the period 1945-1953:

1) the Communist Party; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

In this case, we will need to know that the Council of People's Commissars (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. Its existence dates back to an earlier period, and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) is heard at the present time, which also does not correspond to the specified period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest public office in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. He was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince was in charge of management and court issues, commanded an army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.

According to the first words, "The highest public office in the Novgorod Republic ..." it is clear that we are talking about a mayor. In addition to the mayor in Novgorod, a tysyatskiy was elected, the assistant to the mayor, he led the city militia. The archbishop was the head of the church, while the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

The pair World War I - Brusilov Breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French Coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy at school are studied, in addition to history, in music and literature lessons. The Battle of Klushino is an unsuccessful attempt by Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

BUT)“We grant this personal decree with our royal and paternal mercy to all who were formerly in the peasantry and in the citizenship of landowners, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with the ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom, and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruits kits, per capita and other monetary taxes, ownership of land, forest, hayfields and fishing, and salt lakes without buying and without rent, and we release all the nobles and city bribe-takers who were previously reprimanded judges to the peasants and all the people, imposed taxes and burdens. "

B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their acquired or tribal peasants individually or as a whole village to freedom and at the same time approve a plot of land for them or a whole dacha, then, having made conditions with them, which by mutual agreement are recognized as the best, he has to submit them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of Internal Affairs for consideration and presentation to us; and if a decision follows from us to his will: then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and recorded at serfdom with a payment of legalized duties. ... The peasants and villages, who are released from the landlords under such conditions with the land, if they do not wish to enter other states, can remain on their own lands as farmers and in themselves constitute a special state of free farmers. "

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) This document abolishes some of the duties introduced by Peter 1
6) This document was published by the leader of the popular uprising.

DISCUSSION

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes obvious when you pay attention to the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of recruitment and the return of the old cross and beards. It is recruitment sets and a capitation tax - innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree "On free farmers" of 1803, which, as you know, allowed the landowners to free the peasants with the land with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer is: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the listed events relate to the 18th century:

1) Borodino battle
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop Naval Battle
6) the battle of Rymnik

Here are some pretty famous battles, let's remember them. The Battle of Borodino is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle belongs to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the Defense of Shipka is an episode of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf belongs to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763. , Sinop naval battle - Crimean War, 1853, The battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791.

Accordingly, the 18th century includes: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the blanks in these sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter and blank sentence, select the item number you want:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which distinguished itself especially in the Battle of Stalingrad ___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade took place in January ___
C) September 30, 1941 began ___

Missing items:
1) defense of the Brest fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow

The Great Patriotic War in the course of the history of Russia in the XX century. great attention is paid, and especially significant battles are highlighted, which had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikov.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of 10 operations in 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken back in 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Moscow battle began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation of the Red Army in the Second World War.

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) Russia's development of Siberia and the Far East
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
C) Northern War
D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in USSR

PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev

The development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarov. The internecine war in the Moscow principality was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev is the commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Decree of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the name that was missing three times in the text:

“The award of ___ the Nobel Prize, in essence, for the novel“ Doctor Zhivago, ”hastily concealed by high-flown phrases about his lyrics and prose, in fact emphasizes the political side of the dirty play of reactionary circles ... Considering ___'s political and moral downfall, his betrayal of the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid for by the Nobel Prize in the interests of inciting the Cold War, - the Presidium of the USSR Writers' Union, the Bureau of the RSFSR JV Organizing Committee and the Presidium of the Moscow branch of the RSFSR JV deprive ___ of the title of Soviet writer, exclude him from the number of members of the USSR JV. "

In this task, the title of the novel will prompt the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.

11. Fill in the blank cells in the table using the list of missing items below: for each space indicated by a letter, select the number of the item you want:

Missing items:
1) the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the States General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the state of francs
7) X century.
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of the Russian Truth

The difficulty of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

XI century. in the history of Russia - this is the creation of "Russian Truth".

The Battle of the Ice or the Battle of Lake Peipsi - 1242, which means the XIII century, the baptism of Rus - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also in the X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. the Battle of Kulikovo (1380) and the first convocation of the States General in France (1302) took place.

12. Read an excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR:

“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which constitute the political basis of the USSR. All other state bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all bodies of state power from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and mandatory decisions of higher bodies for subordinate bodies. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with local initiative and creative activity, with the responsibility of each state body and official for the task entrusted to it. Article 4. The Soviet state, all its organs operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations and officials are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are brought up for public discussion, and also put up for a nationwide vote (referendum). Article b. The leading and guiding force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people ... ".

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR by I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism presupposes the obligatory decisions of the higher bodies for the lower
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR has never been implemented during the entire history of the Soviet Union
4) According to this passage, Soviet power exists in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the Constitution of the USSR presented in the excerpt was canceled before the collapse of the USSR

In this excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR, there are several "beacons" to which you need to pay attention:

1) the mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the "leading and guiding force" of Soviet society. This immediately suggests that we have before us the "Brezhnev" Constitution of 1977.
2) mention of the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - we sweep aside immediately, because led by Brezhnev. 2) - suitable because in st. 3 is quite clear about this written. 3) - does not fit, because a referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held in 1991 4) - it fits unambiguously. 5) - not suitable, because Party congresses did not adopt a Constitution, but only the Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable because 6 tbsp. was canceled in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which took place in 1991.

Review the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:

13. Name the country that is Russia's adversary in the war, to which the diagram is dedicated:

Historical map assignments are often difficult. In this case, a map of the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905 is presented. it is clear from the geographical names.

14. What is the surname of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle indicated on the diagram with the number "1":

The number "1" denotes the Mukden battle in Manchuria. General Kuropatkin was in command of the Russian troops.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of ​​which is shaded and indicated on the diagram with the number "2":

The number "2" denotes the Tsushimkoe naval battle.

16. What judgments regarding the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city marked on the diagram with the number "3" was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron was commanded by Z.P. Rozhdestvensky
3) The peace treaty following the results of the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle marked on the diagram with the number "1", the Russian troops won.

Here again we choose the correct judgments. The number 3 denotes the fortified city of Port Arthur, it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stoessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable because the Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhdestvensky. 3) - suitable, because the peace treaty was actually signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - does not fit, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden the Russian army, rather, was defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE
A) "The Tale of Bygone Years"
B) Tsar Cannon
C) painting "Boyarynya Morozova"
D) sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman"

CHARACTERISTICS
1) a cultural monument was created in the 16th century.
2) a cultural monument was created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov

According to the generally accepted version, The Tale of Bygone Years belongs to the pen of the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting "Boyarynya Morozova" was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" was created by V.I. Mukhina.

18. What are the correct judgments about this coin? Choose two judgments from the five suggested:

1) This coin was issued after the Cuban missile crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin is erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, the anniversary of the victory in which the coin is dedicated, began in the first decade of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was designed by the sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The commemorative coin depicts the sculpture "The Motherland Calls". It was created by 1967 according to the project of the sculptor Vuchetich. Choosing the right judgments again. 1) - right, the Cuban missile crisis was in 1962 2) - right, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and was installed in Volgograd. Here we can stop, in the condition it was required to choose two correct judgments. 3) - not true, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.

19. Indicate photographs showing buildings, the construction of which was completed in the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):

First, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, by the time of the opening of the monument "Motherland Calls!" In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building under the number 2) is the house of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is the house-book on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

TASKS 20-25

From the emperor's manifesto

“Immortal glory, wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, what burden and colic labor he was forced to endure solely for the welfare and benefit of his fatherland, leading Russia to perfect knowledge of both military, civil and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but most of the world is not a false witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, in the first place ... to teach the noble nobility and show how great the advantages of the proclaimed powers in the welfare of the human race are against innumerable peoples immersed in the depths of ignorance; that is why, at that time, samakraznost insisted on the Russian nobility, showing its excellent signs of mercy to them, ordered them to enter military and civilian services, and, moreover, to teach noble youth, not only in various free sciences, but also in many useful arts ...
The aforementioned establishment, although it was at first somewhat coerced, but very useful, was followed by all those who owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially Our Dear Aunt, blessed memory, Empress Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, imitating the deeds of His Sovereign Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences spread and multiplied ... We see with pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit that countless benefits have followed, rudeness in the negligent about the common good has been exterminated, ignorance has changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence to service increased skillful and courageous generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it put knowledgeable and fit people; jealousy to Our service, and therefore We do not find that need and, in compulsion to service, which until now was required ...

1) Everything that is in our various services, the nobles can continue this as long as they wish ... "

20. Please indicate the year this manifesto was issued. Identify the emperor who issued this manifesto. Please provide a title for this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document, it is indicated that this is a manifest. The text of the document speaks of the release of the nobles from the compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto of the Liberty of the Nobility from 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that made Peter the Great oblige the nobles to serve and study? In what does the author of the manifesto see the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be completed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the good of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “spread and multiplied various sciences” (she founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility has become educated and diligent in service. So there is no need to force him to her.

22. List any three measures that are not covered in this manifesto that were taken by the author of the manifesto during his reign:

Peter III did not rule for long, about six months, he was killed by the guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but he managed to do something. First, he canceled the persecution of the Old Believers (the old faith was promised by Pugachev, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he brought Russia out of the Seven Years War by entering into an alliance with Prussia, which, in many respects, incurred the wrath of the guards on him.

23. In 1990, a program for the transition of the USSR to a market economy was developed, which was called "500 days". Indicate any two areas of economic reform that were envisaged to be carried out as part of the implementation of this program. Indicate the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The "500 days" program assumed the transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: ​​1) to privatize state property and 2) to abolish the centralized management of the economy, ie. planning. Gorbachev rejected the program for fear of social outrage.

24. In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science:

"The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful"

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.

DISCUSSION

Arguments in support:

1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Kaganate, to whom the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He made the rulers of individual lands not the leaders of the tribal unions, as it was before, but his sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kiev without protection, which the Pechenegs used more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, having concluded a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Russia, and was killed by the Pechenegs, returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods in the history of Russia:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812-December 1825; 3) March 1921-October 1928 The essay must:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during the Patriotic War of 1812 to the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out especially - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the uprising of the Decembrists in 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars with the aim of preserving the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and the prevention of revolutions.

This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bear the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such activity of Russia frightened some European countries and allowed our country to be suspected of having plans of expansion, for example, in the Balkans, which affected further during the Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. Lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's disappointing defeat in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the "Constitution" - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they got acquainted with a way of life and methods of government that were very different from Russian realities. The officers dreamed of realizing the absence of serfdom and the relative economic well-being of the peasants in Russia. In their opinion, the autocratic power stood in the way of this, which stood firmly on the guard of serfdom and administrative arbitrariness. Although, until the end of the 1810s, her young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander had lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The northern society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of conspirators, which assumed the preservation of the monarchy, provided that it became constitutional. The uprising of the Decembrists, as they were later called, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of selfless service to the idea of ​​the country's well-being. Although there is a different opinion, formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprising. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightened and embittered the authorities, and made liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways, he was right. "

* Since May 2017, the joint publishing group "DROFA-VENTANA" is a part of the "Russian textbook" corporation. The corporation also includes the Astrel publishing house and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. in Economics, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, digital educational platform LECTA) was appointed General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST Publishing Holding.

Today the publishing corporation "Russian Textbook" has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for a special school). The corporation's publishing houses own the sets of textbooks most demanded by Russian schools on physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes primary school textbooks and teaching aids that have received the Presidential Education Prize. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and production potential of Russia.

What has been given to us?

In the demo version of the USE on history in 2018, four tasks (13-16) are devoted to working with the map.

Tasks 13, 14, 15 are evaluated at a maximum of one point, task 16 - at two points. Thus, on tasks with a card, you can earn (or lose?) 5 primary points out of 55.

Obviously, for the successful solution of tasks 13-16, it is necessary to navigate the school history course and be able to analyze historical maps. How can I learn this?

Step 1. Formula "Textbook + Atlas".

When studying a specific historical period, refer to the corresponding historical maps.

This will achieve a double positive effect:

1) It will be easier for you to perceive the material of the textbook, because the cards complement and visualize it.

2) You will learn to use the map - gradually and consistently. This will form and strengthen your skills in working with cartographic material, and the tasks of the exam will no longer seem so difficult and impracticable.

If you are studying foreign policy, then referring to the map is a must. It is very important to understand the geography of events, troop movement patterns, etc. - it is difficult to visualize without a historical map.

However, keep in mind that there are not only military cards in the USE in history. Others are also possible - for example, socio-economic. There are no restrictions on the codifier.

But do not be afraid of this - the compilers of the USE versions take maps for assignments from school textbooks and atlases (but they can change the scale, for example).

If you work conscientiously with historical maps that you find on the pages of a school textbook or atlas, then no map on the exam will remain incomprehensible to you.

To work with maps, you can use, for example:

A) Danilov's school textbooks - they contain a large amount of both illustrative and cartographic material.

B) Atlases "Bustard"

• Grade 6 - until the end of the 16th century
• Grade 7 - late 16th - 18th centuries
• Grade 8 - XIX century
• Grade 9 - XX - early XXI centuries.

In my opinion, it is most convenient to work with atlases, or rather, with their paper (and not electronic!) Version.

Step 2. Training, training, and training again.

If in step 1 we were talking about how to form a fundamental, general skill of working with historical maps, then here we will talk directly about solving tasks in the USE format, i.e. about practice.

There are two key collections of USE tasks with cards:

1) Cartographic training by S.A. Markin.

This collection contains the largest collection of tasks with maps, but the quality of the images in the electronic version leaves much to be desired - half of the maps cannot be disassembled at all. So it is better to purchase a paper version or use a similar author's manual for grade 9 (OGE).

2) Collection of typical examination tasks with maps and illustrations, ed. DI. One and a half.

If you urgently need at least a little practice in solving tasks for maps and illustrations, this collection is ideal.

Two more advantages in favor of this edition: at the end of the collection there is a description (name) of all images used in the tasks, as well as a small selection of historical maps.

3) A selection of tasks with cards from the open FIPI bank.

If you do not have time to solve tests from numerous collections, then at least you should familiarize yourself with what is posted in an official open bank. In order not to look for tasks for working with the map on the FIPI website, you can use the ready-made ... These three files include all the cards that I was able to pull out from the open FIPI bank.

You can also use the sites for training:

I will decide the exam https://ege.sdamgia.ru/

Dunno https://neznaika.pro/

On these sites, you can create a collection of assignments of a particular type - for example, only assignments 13-16.

Subscribe and follow the release of new publications in my Vkontakte community "History of the Unified State Exam and Stepan the Cat"

The USE in history is not included in the list of the main tests that all students will have to pass. The discipline is passed by graduates who plan to further study it at a higher educational institution. It is assumed that this group of students has a certain level of knowledge, which makes it possible to choose history as a specialized subject. Statistics say that a fifth of graduates pass history annually and consistently. To successfully pass the test, it is necessary to apply the principle of systematizing knowledge.

The main nuance that must be taken into account is that certain changes are made every year, this concerns the type of tasks, their complexity, number. The general plan remains stable:

• The tasks of part 1 are the most simple questions that are aimed at assessing general knowledge of the subject, the theory of the basic level. The tasks are presented in the form of tests with four answer options. Only the correct answer is entered into a special form.
• A more difficult level - part 2 offers to find the correct answer yourself, the question is answered briefly: with a number, in one word, an abbreviation, a phrase. There are also questions that need to be answered in detail - such tasks require the ability to argue, justify your position using facts.
  

Every year, according to statistics, about 9% of graduates fail this exam.
To successfully cope with the test, you need attentiveness, the correct allocation of time, the ability to use theoretical knowledge in practice.

Which universities need history?

The popularity of the subject is easy to explain, since it is profile for admission to educational institutions of this orientation:

• Tourism;
• Jurisprudence;
• Pedagogy;
• History;
• Archeology;
• Regional studies.
  

A couple of history is social studies - both subjects are necessary for those who plan to enter universities with a specialized history.

How to prepare for the exam in history?

• The most effective and accessible, basic method is reading textbooks. Important: it is necessary to prepare in advance, regardless of the level of knowledge. Preparing 3 days before the exam may not yield the best results.
• Review all the data from ancient history to modern times - this will help you easily cope with the first and second parts of the exam. Check out .
• Learn dates, work with geographical maps and documents, terms. Dates and basic concepts sometimes need to be learned by heart, the method of associations will help.
• Check out the activities of famous historical figures.
• Do not judge the personalities of historical figures.

The main problems with the exam in history

• Weak knowledge of the map;
• Low level of training in topics related to culture - this causes problems with visual-type tasks, where it offers to study the image and answer questions related to it.
• Many graduates do not know how to apply theoretical knowledge in practice, to complete more complex, creative tasks.

Online training is required for the exam to be successful.

To prepare for the exam in history, it is extremely important to be able to navigate in the space of a geographical and historical map. Let's see how these tasks look in the USE demo.

USE assignments on the history of the card.

We have already spoken about the method of working with a historical map in this section more than once. In short, it is necessary to analyze all the key events of the story. For this, school contour maps, for example, are quite useful.

For example, I propose to take tasks from the 2017 USE demo. Also, as in part 1, there is a block of questions (there are 4 of them) to the historical map. It also hasn't changed from previous demos. The breakdown here is as follows: 13-1, 14-1, 15-1, 16 - maximum 2.

First, we are trying to identify the presented historical map! We see Russian cities (Moscow, Kolomna, Rostov, Suzdal), but we do not see a single state! Instead of it, the cities divide the borders. Consequently, we have before us the period of the Russian lands.

And now let's recall the main military threat to the Russian lands in this period. The main consequence of the fragmentation of Russia was the invasion of the Tatars and the subsequent defeat in the absence of unity.

Yes, this is Batu(Batu Khan's answer is also acceptable), on the map his campaign to northeastern Russia 1237-1238

Answer: BATY.

Question 14 on the orientation on the map of Russia of the period of fragmentation. So, which city was near Suzdal?

14. Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram with the number "1".

Yes this Vladimir-on-Klyazma (or simply Vladimir), the new capital of the principality, built by Andrey Bogolyubsky. And Suzdal is the old capital, therefore the principality was called Vladimir-Suzdal.

Answer: VLADIMIR.

15. Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the map by a number, where during this campaign there was a republican form of government.

The question is not directly related to the map, rather it is the knowledge of the period. Yes, of course, Mr. Veliky Novgorod, it was here that the boyar republic existed.

Answer: NOVGOROD (NOVGORODVELIKY).

And the last question to the card for multiple choice of answers.

Assignment 16 exam in history

Here, too, you need a fairly deep understanding of the topic and its nuances. For example, 1) The conquerors invaded Russia in the winter? It turns out, yes! They were afraid to walk through the dense forests of the northeast of Russia, they walked along the beds of frozen rivers. Usually, of course, nomads attack in the summer, when the horses are full and have eaten in the spring pastures.

2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week. The small town of Kozelsk (Batu called it "evil"), it is not even indicated on this map, withstood 7 weeks of siege, and Torzhok - 2 weeks. Of the five months of the winter campaign of 1237/38 against Russia, Batu spent two months on Kozelsk.

3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram. Attentiveness. We look at the map, and we see that the troops of Batu Khan simply did not reach them (as well as to Novgorod the Great, which is much more important, in fact).

4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state. Cause and effect are confused. On the contrary, fragmentation is the root cause of foreign policy failure.

5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded Russia from the southeast. Just knowledge of the cardinal points and the ability to navigate the map!

6) Russia fell into a yoke - dependence on the state of the Golden Horde, created by Batu in 1243.

Answer: 156.

Thus, having correctly determined what kind of card you were given on the exam, you can get 6 primary points at once, which will be tenth Your USE scores!

Recall that you can complete tasks with the map and discuss them